Życie pacjenta w nowoczesnym społeczeństwie Joseon okresu kolonialnego: studium nad chorobami i fizycznymi dolegliwościami w twórczości Yi Sanga

This study aims to discuss the body experiencing modern society and modernity realized through the body by analyzing the disease and physical sicknessness depicted in Yi Sang’s literature. Until now, Yi Sang’s literary research has focused on the subject’s death impulse (Thanatos) and the image of death in his works, so this study aims to present a new perspective on Yi Sang’s literature. Specifically, this paper explores works that illustrate diseases such as syphilis and tuberculosis and examines the author’s subjective consciousness. In short, this paper discusses Yi Sang’s attachment to life, which appears as a sexual impulse (Eros), by analyzing narratives that mention prostitution and syphilis among Yi Sang’s works. Meanwhile, this article reveals the author’s guilt about his inability to function properly due to syphilis. Furthermore, this paper manifests how Yi Sang presents his sick body that experiences the modern society of colonial Joseon by describing how he implements the body with tuberculosis. Therefore, in each analysis process, this study reads Yi Sang’s specific texts by referencing his various works to understand his esoteric world and literary image. Moreover, this paper reveals that the author reflects on his critical reasons for such a modern society and violent hygiene discourse in his independent literary world and identity as a patient.Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przeanalizowanie odmalowanego w twórczości Yi Sanga obrazu chorób i fizycznych dolegliwości, których ludzkie ciała doświadczały w warunkach nowoczesnego społeczeństwa koreańskiego i w ówczesnych realiach. Do tej pory badania literackie nad dziełami Yi Sanga koncentrowały się na impulsie śmierci podmiotu (Tanatos) i obrazie śmierci w jego utworach. Niniejsze badanie zakłada jednak nowe spojrzenie na literaturę Yi Sanga. Niniejszy tekst analizuje dzieła, które ukazują choroby takie jak kiła i gruźlica oraz bada subiektywną świadomość autora. Tekst zatem omawia przywiązanie Yi Sanga do życia, które jawi się jako impuls seksualny (Eros), analizując wśród prac pisarza te narracje, które mówią o prostytucji i syfilisie. Artykuł ten ma również ujawnić poczucie winy Yi Sanga w związku z jego spowodowaną kiłą niemożnością prawidłowego funkcjonowania w społeczeństwie. Tekst także pokazuje, jak Yi Sang przedstawiał swoje chore ciało, które doświadczało realiów ówczesnego społeczeństwa Joseon okresu kolonialnego, opisując, w jaki sposób traktowane jest ciało chorego na gruźlicę. Dlatego na każdym etapie analizy niniejsze badanie odczytuje tylko określone teksty Yi Sanga, aby ułatwić zrozumienie jego ezoterycznego świata i literackiego obrazu poprzez odwoływanie się do jego wybranych dzieł. Artykuł zakłada również, że Yi Sang jako pacjent ujawniał w swojej niezależnej twórczości literackiej i brutalnym dyskursie na temat higieny swój krytycyzm wobec ówczesnego nowoczesnego społeczeństwa

Emotional Attachment and Its Limits: Mengzi, Gaozi and the Guodian Discussions

Mengzi maintained that both benevolence (ren 仁) and rightness (yi 義) are naturally-given in human nature. This view has occupied a dominant place in Confucian intellectual history. In Mencius 6A, Mengzi's interlocutor, Gaozi, contests this view, arguing that rightness is determined by (doing what is fitting, in line with) external circumstances. I discuss here some passages from the excavated Guodian texts, which lend weight to Gaozi's view. The texts reveal nuanced considerations of relational proximity and its limits, setting up requirements for moral action in scenarios where relational ties do not play a motivational role. I set out yi's complexity in these discussions, highlighting its implications for (i) the nei-wai debate; (ii) the notion of yi as "rightness," or doing the right thing; and (iii) how we can understand the connection between virtue and right action in these early Confucian debates. This material from the excavated texts not only provides new perspectives on a longstanding investigation of human nature and morality, it also challenges prevailing views on Warring States Confucian intellectual history. In the well-known debate between Mengzi and Gaozi in Mencius 6A, Mengzi maintained that both ren and yi are naturally-given 1 in human nature. The figure 1 To say that ren and yi are naturally-given is not to say that they are fully-developed from the start. I use the phrase "naturally-given" throughout the paper to indicate where a particular capacity or resource (ren or yi) may be found, rather than its final polished state

Zheng Yi. Scarlet memorial : tales of cannibalism in modern China

This article reviews the book Scarlet Memorial: Tales of Cannibalism in Modem China , written by Zheng Yi, translated and edited by T. P. Sym

The equalization probability of the Polya urn

We consider a Polya urn, started with b black and w white balls, where b>w. We compute the probability that there are ever the same number of black and white balls in the urn, and show that it is twice the probability of getting no more than w-1 heads in b+w-1 tosses of a fair coin

Yi, Observational Documentary Aesthetics, and the Identity Politics of Transcultural Migrancy

There is a moment in Edward Yang’s acclaimed film Yi Yi (2000) in which a young boy in a conversation with his father observes that he cannot see what his father sees and that his father cannot see what he sees, prompting two questions: “How can I know what you see?” and “Can we only know half of the truth?” Unable to provide adequate answers, his father instead offers his son a camera. Later in the film, the same boy presents his uncle with a picture he took of the back of his head. When asked why, the boy responds by saying, “You cannot see it yourself, so I’m helping you.” These two scenes in Yang’s film illustrate the spirit of the questions that guide the aesthetic approach I have taken in my own documentary project. My thesis is composed of two parts: a video project and a research paper, the former of which is a documentary entitled Yi. Named after its primary subject, the film explores the intersections of transnational migrancy and cultural identity through a series of interviews that are intercut with scenes of everyday life that are shot in an observational style. The research paper that follows will situate the project within a specific historical, conceptual, and aesthetic context, before delineating how the cinematic composition of my documentary engages with this framework

Respect and the Mengzian Conception of Yi as a Rule-related Virtue

This paper focuses on Meng Zi’s idea of yi (義) as a virtue. In it, I first briefly examine two influential interpretations of yi – the “appropriateness” approach that views yi as a disposition to do what is fitting in a given situation and the shame-centered approach that understands yi as a disposition to avoid what is shameful in the moral life. The first approach is too thin to distinguish yi from acting properly in general and the second reading confines the definitive feeling involved in yi to a too moralized understanding of shame. Moreover, both fail to pay enough attention to the reliance of yi on social norms to receive its content. Through textual analysis, I show that in addition to a sense of shame, respect as an attitude of prioritizing other persons in the way specified by the relevant norms also serves as an important emotional core of yi as a virtue. In the end, I highlight the potential contribution of the Mengzian idea of yi to virtue ethics. The two-faceted structure of yi points to a way to account for rule-related virtues – virtues that have rule-conformity as a component. Equipped with thick descriptions of rule-related virtues, virtue ethics will be in a better position to guide actions