EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE ENERGY ON THE REGENERATION OF THE ADSORBENT

Today, energy conservation is a priority. This is due to the shortage of energy resources, the growth of their cost and global environmental problems. The production of compressed air is a wery costly and power-consuming process. One of the areas of energy saving is to improve the quality of the air preparation equipment, in particular, to increase the energy efficiency of this type of devices such as adsorption dryers for compressed air. Reduction of unnecessary energy losses in this sphere is possible due to the use of innovative technologies. The functioning of the adsorption dryer is associated with the consumption of compressed air, which is consumed during the periodic regeneration of the adsorbent. The practical value of the research includes an explanation of the regularity of the influence of the temperature drop, at which the adsorbent regeneration process takes place, on the reduction of the airflow loss during the proceedings of the dryer

Ensuring the reliability and performance criterias of crankshafts

The issues of efficiency improvement of manufacturing crankshafts in order to ensure their reliability and performance criteria are the priorities in modern production of internal combustion engines. Using the capabilities of modern special grinding machines can improve the quality of machining and obtain the necessary running characteristics of crankshafts. In work the questions connected with development of a method of calculation of rigidity of crankshafts for increase of accuracy of their machining, reliability and performance criteria’s are considered. Based on the proposed methodology, numerical calculations have performed and the possibility of determining the deflections and crankshafts rigidity in any section have been justified. The original construction of the following grinding steady rest for CNC grinding machines specified for machining the crankshaft main bearing journal and connecting rod journal is proposed. The construction design of the device allows for compensating the influence of the cutting force on the elastic strain of the part, depending on the change in its rigidity. The practical value of the research includes in develop recommendations for determining the optimal parameters for the round infeed grinding cycle of the crank pins from the point of view of productivity and accuracy

Diagnostics of Uneven Heating of the Adsorbent by Microwave Radiation and Measures to Increase the Uniformity of Its Heating

In Europe, 3 % of the electricity consumed by industry is spent on the production of compressed air. At the same time, the payment for electricity consumed by the compressor is the largest share in the structure of the factorys costs. In modern production, compressed air requires drying to meet the requirements of the equipment and for various technological processes. In this case, a large amount of compressed air is lost thus, improving the design of air dryers is an important step for improving energy efficiency. In this paper is developing a method for reducing the energy costs of the heated desiccant dryers is developed by mean of regenerating adsorbents using microwave energy.In the process of developing heaters using microwave energy, the main problem is the achievement of a uniform heating of the material. The same problem also arises when using microwave energy to regenerate the adsorbent in the adsorption dryer. Due of above-mentioned, the problem by dynamically changing the configuration of the heater chamber and waveguide systems is solved by using of increasing the uniformity of heating and two opposite waveguides in the heater design with a variable phase of one of them. A specific condition for conducting experiments is obtained. Particularly the adsorption dryer chamber is a cylindrical vessel that is filled with an adsorbent and has predetermined proportions. A significant change of these proportions adversely affect at the adsorption process during the operation of the desiccant

PARTICULARS OF ADSORBENT REGENERATION WITH THE USE OF MICROWAVE ENERGY

Energy conservation issues are acute in the world. Compressed air is widely used in the modern industrial production. The production of compressed air is a very energy-intensive process, since most of the energy, which is expended by the compressor, passes into the energy of heating. Compressed air cannot be used in modern production without a prior drying and cleaning. Industrial dryer’s air losses is up to 20% of compressed air additionally. Therefore, the issue of saving air during its drying stage is important. In the presented article, the thermal and aerodynamic processes that occur in the classical adsorption tower with the most modern design are considered. The processes that occur in the adsorption column with the microwave regeneration of the adsorbent are also considered. A comparative analysis of these constructions from the point of view of energy saving is made

Prospects of Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Enhancement of Efficiency of Fluid Working Medium Preparation Technologies

In this article a hardware estimation procedure and optimization of parameters of working fluid cavitation processing are proposed. Here the basic aspects of preparation efficiency and using of water-fuel emulsion are reviewed. An example of estimation of energy parameters of hydrodynamic activator operation in obtaining water-fuel emulsion is supplied

DEFLECTIONS AND FREQUENCY ANALYSIS IN THE MILLING OF THIN-WALLED PARTS WITH VARIABLE LOW STIFFNESS

The disadvantage of the geometry of thin-walled parts, in terms of processing, is the low ability to resist static and dynamic loads. It is caused by the elastic deformation of elements with a low stiffness. Modelling approaches for the evaluation of deflections during machining are presented. Mathematical models of deflections, cutting forces and harmonic response are proposed. The processes of material removal and deflection of a thin-walled sample at the critical points are modelled. A frequency analysis was performed, consisting of a modal analysis of natural frequencies and a harmonic response analysis. As a result, a graph of the deflections amplitude from the frequency of driven harmonic oscillations is generated. The analysis of the obtained values was performed. As a result, the resonance frequency and maximum amplitude of oscillations for the operating parameters are determined

Increasing of Equipment Efficiency by Intensification of Technological Processes

Issues of technological processes’ intensification and increase of technological equipment efficiency are of priority value in the modern engineering. Application of various methods of hydrodynamic drag on the working fluids in rotary-wheel machines allows increasing of processing efficiency to receive finely-dispersed homogeneous mixtures with necessary characteristics. In this article the issues, connected with the liquid flows' formation in the working zone of rotary-cavitating activator are studied and the main principles of energy impact while the usage of rotor with radial channels, supplied with the elements for receiving cavitating effects, are defined. Based on the offered methodology, experimental research was conducted and calculations of the main indexes, defining efficiency of energy impact on the working medium, were held. The substantiated estimation of efficiency of hydrodynamic machines work according to the dissipative power that allows to choose the proportion of hydrodynamic settings, which provide the highest intensity of cavitating processing of processed liquids, was presented. The practical value of the research is in the studying of ways of increasing of equipment efficiency through the possibility of technological process intensification

Influence of the main geometrical parameters on the design and performance of mixed inflow turbines

The blade shape is of great interest to hybrid turbine designers, due to its significant and direct impact on turbine performance. The inlet and outlet diameters of the vane affect the size of the rotor, which is limited because of the small space available in internal combustion engines. The effect of the ratio of the average inlet diameter and the average exducer inlet diameter on the performance of a mixed inlet turbine will be the focus of this study, which consists of two cases included herein for the purpose of illustrating the means of improving rotor performances and controlling the flow mass rate. In the first case, we achieved this by changing the average diameter of the exducer inlet, while, in the second one, we achieved this by changing the average inlet diameter. Additionally, the angles of the inlet and outlet blades were recalculated to preserve the same blade profile and to eliminate the effect of curvilinearity. It was noted that the shape of the blade was very sensitive to changes in the ratio of the investigated diameters, and—in both cases—interesting results were obtained. First, an increase in output work and in total static isentropic efficiency by 2.16% and 2.15%, respectively, was generated, with a saving of 3.52% of the used mass flow and a lighter rotor compared to one that used to take up the same space by using fixed average inlet diameter blades. In the second case, there was an increase in the output work by 3.31%, and in the total static isentropic efficiency by 3.34%, but the rotor became heavier and required an increase in the mass flow used. Since inter-blade flows are very complex, three-dimensional and viscous—featuring various types of secondary and eddy flows—the CFX.15-CFD code was used in all models to solve the averaged Navier–Stokes equations.The authors are grateful to FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal)—who partially financially supported this work through the RD Units Project Scope: UIDP/04077/2020 and UIDB/04077/2020

Integrated Approach to Determine Operational Integrity of Crane Metal Structure

One of the elements limiting the crane life cycle and affecting the safety of its operation is a metal structure. Currently, there is no single scientifically-based approach to assess the operational integrity of crane metal structures. The paper deals with issues related to the development of an integrated approach to determine the operational integrity of crane metal structures, based on a combination of numerical methods of calculation (the finite element method and boundary states calculation) and magnetic coercive non-destructive control. The research of the influence of the metal chemical composition, its microstructure and the controlled elements thickness on coercive force values have been carried out. In order to take into account these parameters, it is suggested to use certificated experimental samples with variable cross sections. The practical value of the research is to apply the integrated approach that will eliminate the disadvantages of a separate method, complement these methods, increase the objectivity and accuracy of determining the operational integrity of crane metal structures