Additional file 3: Figure S3. of Thrombin-induced, TNFR-dependent miR-181c downregulation promotes MLL1 and NF-κB target gene expression in human microglia

Schematic overview of thrombin’s effects upon miR-181c and MLL1 in human microglia. Thrombin (via PAR4) induces TNF-α secretion from human microglia [21]. Thrombin-induced TNF-α (via TNFR) suppresses miR-181c levels. This suppression of the inhibitory miR-181c promotes MLL1 expression, increases NF-κB activity, and upregulates downstream NF-κB target gene expression in human microglia. (JPG 456 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Thrombin-induced, TNFR-dependent miR-181c downregulation promotes MLL1 and NF-κB target gene expression in human microglia

Thrombin’s proteolytic activity contributed to its effects upon miR-181c and MLL1 expression in human microglia. (A) Validation of the thrombin-specific proteolytic inhibitor PPACK’s inhibition of thrombin activity. Thrombin’s proteolytic activity was measured via a chromogenic assay following pre-incubation in the absence or presence of various concentrations of PPACK. Heat-inactivated (boiled) thrombin was applied as a negative control. *p < 0.05 versus control, †p < 0.05 versus boiled thrombin, ‡p < 0.05 versus thrombin. (B) Pre-incubating with PPACK significantly inhibited thrombin’s effects upon miR-181c and MLL1 expression. *p < 0.05 versus control, †p < 0.05 versus thrombin. (TIF 598 kb