203 research outputs found
Quantum logic as superbraids of entangled qubit world lines
Presented is a topological representation of quantum logic that views
entangled qubit spacetime histories (or qubit world lines) as a generalized
braid, referred to as a superbraid. The crossing of world lines is purely
quantum in nature, most conveniently expressed analytically with
ladder-operator-based quantum gates. At a crossing, independent world lines can
become entangled. Complicated superbraids are systematically reduced by
recursively applying novel quantum skein relations. If the superbraid is closed
(e.g. representing quantum circuits with closed-loop feedback, quantum lattice
gas algorithms, loop or vacuum diagrams in quantum field theory), then one can
decompose the resulting superlink into an entangled superposition of classical
links. In turn, for each member link, one can compute a link invariant, e.g.
the Jones polynomial. Thus, a superlink possesses a unique link invariant
expressed as an entangled superposition of classical link invariants.Comment: 4 page
One-dimensional hydrogen atom with minimal length uncertainty and maximal momentum
We present exact energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the one-dimensional
hydrogen atom in the framework of the Generalized (Gravitational) Uncertainty
Principle (GUP). This form of GUP is consistent with various theories of
quantum gravity such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, black-hole
physics, and doubly special relativity and implies a minimal length uncertainty
and a maximal momentum. We show that the quantized energy spectrum exactly
agrees with the semiclassical results.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
One dimensional Coulomb-like problem in deformed space with minimal length
Spectrum and eigenfunctions in the momentum representation for 1D Coulomb
potential with deformed Heisenberg algebra leading to minimal length are found
exactly. It is shown that correction due to the deformation is proportional to
square root of the deformation parameter. We obtain the same spectrum using
Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition.Comment: 11 pages, typos corrected, references adde
Relativistic quantum mechanics of a Dirac oscillator
The Dirac oscillator is an exactly soluble model recently introduced in the
context of many particle models in relativistic quantum mechanics. The model
has been also considered as an interaction term for modelling quark confinement
in quantum chromodynamics. These considerations should be enough for
demonstrating that the Dirac oscillator can be an excellent example in
relativistic quantum mechanics. In this paper we offer a solution to the
problem and discuss some of its properties. We also discuss a physical picture
for the Dirac oscillator's non-standard interaction, showing how it arises on
describing the behaviour of a neutral particle carrying an anomalous magnetic
moment and moving inside an uniformly charged sphere.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Associated with Nocturnal Dip in Blood Pressure: Findings from the Maracaibo Aging Study
Purpose—To determine which nocturnal blood pressure (BP) parameters (low levels or extreme dipper status) are associated with an increased risk of glaucomatous damage in Hispanics.
Design—Observational cross-sectional study.
Participants—A subset (n=93) of the participants from the Maracaibo Aging Study (MAS) who met the study eligibility criteria were included. These participants — who were at least 40 years of age — had measurements for optical tomography coherence, visual field tests, 24-hour BP, office BP, and intraocular pressureHg.
Methods—Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses under the generalized estimating equations (GEE) framework were used to examine the relationships between glaucomatous damage and BP parameters, with particular attention to drops in nocturnal BP. Main Outcome Measures—Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) based on the presence of optic nerve damage and visual field defects.
Results—The mean age was 61.9 years, and 87.1% were women. Of 185 eyes evaluated, 50 (27.0%) had signs of GON. Individuals with GON had significantly lower 24-hour and nighttime diastolic BP levels than those without. However, results of the multivariate GEE models indicated that the glaucomatous damage was not related to the average systolic or diastolic BP levels measured over 24 hours, daytime, or nighttime. In contrast, extreme drops in nighttime systolic and diastolic BP (\u3e20% compared with daytime BP) were significant risk factors for glaucomatous damage (odds ratio=19.78 and 5.55, respectively). Conclusions—In this population, the link between nocturnal BP and GON is determined by extreme dipping effects rather than low nocturnal BP levels alone. Further studies considering extreme drops in nocturnal BP in individuals at high risk of glaucoma are warranted
Partitioning overstory and understory evapotranspiration in a semiarid savanna woodland from the isotopic composition of water vapor
The relative contributions of overstory and understory plant transpiration and soil evaporation to total evapotranspiration (ET) in a semiarid savanna woodland were determined from stable isotope measurements of atmospheric water vapor. The savanna overstory was dominated by the deeply rooted, woody legume Prosopis velutina ("mesquite"), and the understory was dominated by a perennial C-4 grass, Sporobolus wrightii. "Keeling plots" (turbulent mixing relationships) were generated from isotope ratios (deltaD and delta(18)O) of atmospheric water vapor collected within the tree (3-14 m) and understory (0.1-1 m) canopies during peak (July) and post-monsoon (September) periods of 2001. The unique regression intercepts from upper and lower profiles were used to partition the ET flux from the understory layer separately from that of the whole ecosystem. Although ET partitioning was problematic during the first sampling period in July, our results in September provided support to the validity of this method for measuring and understanding the dynamic behavior of water balance components in this semiarid savanna woodland. During the post-monsoon period (22nd September), transpiration accounted for 85% of ecosystem ET. Transpiration by the grass layer accounted for 50% of the understory ET over the same period. The total ecosystem ET estimated by eddy covariance (EC) on 22nd September was 3.5 mm per day. Based on partitioning by the isotope method, 2.5 mm, per day (70%) was from tree transpiration and 0.5 mm per day (15%) was from transpiration by the grass layer. Independent estimates of overstory and understory ET partitioning from distributed understory EC measurements were remarkably consistent with our isotope approach. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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