View customization for manually marking the landmarks and diagnosing.

<p>(a) Original view. (b) Customized view. Red, green and blue lines indicate the X, Y and Z axes, respectively. Transverse plane is carefully rotated about X an Y axes to have a view parallel to the aortic annulus because the aorta pose is not clear in the original view.</p

The dependency of the average localization error (in mm) on the step length (in voxels) and the number of steps.

<p>The blue and red dots in (a), (b) and (c) are the initial and the target ground truth positions, respectively. The walker fails to reach the target because of too small step length. Scattered movement is noticed for a very big step length. Relatively smooth movement is noticed for an optimal step length. (d) Dependency of the average localization error on the total number of steps for different step lengths.</p

A colonial walk from multiple random points.

<p>The red dot is the target ground truth position. The orange dot refers to the first unknown point that misguides the walker. Initial point of the 1^st walk is unknown to the regression tree. The 2^nd walker converges and make dense step cloud around the target. The first misguider point of the N-th walk is not the initial point but a point through its way. The walker with the minimum walk variance is considered to be the best-guided walker.</p

The aortic valve anatomy.

<p>(a) Rendered CT volume after thresholding to visualize the aortic valve. (b) An enlarged view of the aortic valve. The blue, green and red dots refer to the coronary ostia, the aortic hinges, and the aortic commissures, respectively. The commissure between the right-coronary and non-coronary hinges and the commissure between the left-coronary and non-coronary hinges are occluded in this view.</p

Fourfold cross validation test results on 40 non-TAVI volumes.

<p>Fourfold cross validation test results on 40 non-TAVI volumes.</p

Automatic Aortic Valve Landmark Localization in Coronary CT Angiography Using Colonial Walk

The zipped file contains the visual C project for the work "Automatic Aortic Valve Landmark Localization in Coronary CT Angiography Using Colonial Walk", as accepted in the journal of PLOS ONE.<br><br>Additional library dependency:<div>OpenCV 2.4.9</div

Walk variance relation to the localization error.

<p>(a) High error for high variance walk and low error for low variance walk is observed. (b) Localization error is presented against logarithm of walk variance.</p

Localization results in 31 TAVI volumes using the models trained on 40 non-TAVI volumes.

<p>Localization results in 31 TAVI volumes using the models trained on 40 non-TAVI volumes.</p

A single walk towards a target point in a 3D volume.

<p>The red dot is the target ground truth point. (a) The blue arrows refer to the learned unit directions to the ground truth at each voxel. (b) A walker starts from the blue point (i.e., the initial voxel) and updates to its next position taking a step towards the learned direction at the current position. After a certain steps, it starts moving around the ground truth point. The expectation of the step positions gives the target position.</p

Test result using 8 Rotterdam Training dataset.

<p>It shows detailed values for each vessel. (sc: score.).</p