Fluorescence spectral signatures: The characterization of phytoplankton populations by the use of excitation and emission spectra

The early trichromatic method of chlorophyll analysis featured the possibility of distinguishing abundance of chloroplastic pigments specific to phyla of algae in the population. The method was not successful however, because in natural populations there are major interferences due to pigments or their degradation products...

Ocean color, a three component system?

This study measures the concentrations of phytoplankton chlorophyll and yellow substance in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine. Sea surface observations attempt to delineate the principal biochemical parameters responsible for sea surface color. It is shown that the reddish-brown water changed to a blue-green in the open gulf

Variations in ammonium enhancement, an indication of nitrogen deficiency in New England coastal phytoplankton populations

Phytoplankton populations in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine have been tested for cellular nitrogen deficiency by adding ammonium to the dark bottle in a conventional 14C experiment. In phytoplankton cultures it has been shown that under conditions of nitrogen limitation to growth, accelerated dark fixation after ammonium addition signals the onset of cellular nitrogen deficiency...

Applying Concepts from Historical Archaeology to New England\u27s Nineteenth-Century Cookbooks

This article describes a study of New England cookbooks as a data source for historical archaeologists. The database for this research consisted of single-authored, first-edition cookbooks written by New England women between 1800 and 1900, together with a small set of community cookbooks and newspaper advertisements. The study was based on the belief that recipes are equivalent to artifact assemblages and can be analyzed using the archaeological methods of seriation, presence/absence, and chaîne opératoire. The goal was to see whether change through time could be traced within a region, and why change occurred; whether it was an archetypal shift in food practice, modifications made by only a few families, change that revolved around elite consumption patterns, or transformations related to gender and other social forces unrelated to market price. The role of technology, as seen through the adoption of kitchen stoves and new modes of cooking, was a concern. Seriation highlights times and places in which ideas change and new ones emerge in novel forms. Its employment revealed changes among the nuts, fruits, and vegetables used in desserts. Analysis based on the chaîne opératoire approach indicated that the number and sequence of steps in food preparation changed as women became familiar with stove cooking. The influence of domestic reformers and physicians became evident; but it was also clear that many of the changes within New England foodways percolated throughout the region from the bottom up after appearing among lower socioeconomic levels of society

A perfusion chamber for electrode studies on the physiology of planktonic algae

An algal photosynthetic chamber using an oxygen electrode is described. It is unique in that the algae are held in the chamber on a filter. In this manner a high concentration of cells per unit volume of chamber and a high sensitivity to oxygen production is obtained. Other advantages of this system are that the solution around the algae on the filter is changed easily without disturbing the cells and the chamber is easily adapted to continuous closed circulation

Diurnal study of phytoplankton pigments: An in situ study in East Sound, Washington

The effect of light intensity on the quantities of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in a natural marine diatom community has been observed. Marked daily fluctuations in the quantities of these pigments, which showed highest concentrations around mid-day and at night, resulted from changes in quantities within the cells. Rates of synthesis and decomposition throughout the day have been computed. Highest cellular concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments corresponded to optimal light intensities for photosynthesis...

A study of photosynthetic light reactions, and a new interpretation of sun and shade phytoplankton

The r elationship of photosynthesis to light intensity is examined, using phytoplankton cultured in different environments. The graphical means used in presenting the data are shown, and the desirability of normalizing the curves is discussed…

Seasonal sequence of bioluminescence and the occurrence of endogenous rhythms in oceanic waters off Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Seasonal sequences of bioluminescense in waters around Woods Hole were measured in 1961 to 1963. Peak activities occurred in October-November (once) and in April-May (twice). Bioluminescense at night is usually quantitatively greater than during the day. Greater differences during summer correlate with the seasonal maximum in solar radiation...

Final Report for National Endowment for the Humanities Grant No. RO-20600-83: Salvaging the Calvert House Site

The work funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities during the period February - July 1983 enabled emergency archaeology at the Calvert Site to be carried close to completion. The research contributed significantly to an understanding of the development of Annapolis in the colonial era. In fact, work at Calvert has proved critical to the humanistic objectives of the Annapolis Archaeology Project: understanding and assessing the impact of social and economic rank on the material remains of a colonial southern, urban center. The research was also influential in establishing an archaeologically, historically, and architecturally based preservation program. The work at Calvert helped awaken the Annapolis community to the potential that archaeological research possesses and increased the community's awareness of the many changes that the city has undergone through time. Research at Calvert was also successful in attracting private and public donations for further archaeological work in the city and, in fact, as one result of the emergency grant, Historic Annapolis has been given $27,500 in City funds to be used in preparing a city-wide plan for the preservation of below-ground historic resources. City ordinances with the same objective are also being developed. The developer, Historic Inns of Annapolis, plans construction at four additional sites in the city during the next 12-24 months and has incorporated plans to find and to preserve fragile archaeological resources into these four projects as well. Finally, the educational impact of the Calvert archaeology project on the public was immense and general public interest in the work and its findings was widespread