Additional file 1: of 2-methyl butyramide, a previously identified urine biomarker for Ascaris lumbricoides, is not present in infected Indonesian individuals

1H-NMR Spectrum of 2-methyl butyramide. (PPTX 230 kb

Prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals for anti-filarial antibodies based on the Brugia Rapid test in children aged between 3 and 10 years of age prior to MDA (2001) and after one or more rounds of MDA.

<p>The last round of MDA was performed in 2007. Since only selective treatment of MF carriers was performed in 2001, no Brugia Rapid tests were performed on the samples collected in 2002.</p

A Prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals for <i>Brugia timori</i> microfilaraemia in Mainang village before and after MDA with DEC/albendazole.

<p>Selective treatment of microfilaraemics and lymphedema patients was performed after the baseline survey in 2001. The first round of MDA was distributed following the survey in 2002, and the last (6^th) round of MDA was distributed after the 2007 survey was performed. MDA coverage rates ranged between 75 and 85%. <b>B</b> Prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals for anti-filarial antibodies as assessed by the Brugia Rapid test. Since only selective treatment was performed in 2001, no Brugia Rapid tests were performed on the samples collected in 2002.</p

Prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals for STH infections in Mainang village before and after MDA with DEC/albendazole.

<p>The first round of MDA was performed just after this the 2002 survey. The 2007 STH data were from a survey that was performed just prior to the last (6^th) round of MDA. <b>A </b><i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>. <b>B</b> Hookworm (mainly <i>Necator americanus</i>) and <b>C </b><i>Trichiuris trichiura</i>.</p

Schematic overview of the study design.

<p>In 2001 microfilaria and anti-filarial IgG4 baseline surveys were performed and MF positive and lymphoedema patients were selectively treated. Baseline data on STH infections was collected in 2002, and the village was re-examined for filarial infections at that time just prior the first round of MDA with diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole. Subsequent post-MDA surveys were performed 9 to 11 months after each round of MDA. MDA was continued until 2007, when the last (6^th) round of MDA was provided and annual follow-up surveys were continued until 2010.</p

Geometric mean egg counts per gram of stool (as assessed by a single Kato-Katz smear) for individuals with STH infections in Mainang village in 2002 (before the 1^st round of MDA, black bars) and in 2009 (22 months after the 6^th and final round of DEC/albendazole MDA, gray bars).

<p>The data are shown by age group. Error bars indicate the 75 percentiles, and the broken lines represent thresholds for light and moderate infection intensities according to WHO guidelines. The number on top of each column represents the number of positive individuals tested per age group. <b>A </b><i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>. <b>B</b> Hookworm (mainly <i>Necator americanus</i>).</p

Prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals for antifilarial antibodies by age group as assessed by the Brugia Rapid test.

<p>Baseline data for 2001 (prior to MDA) are shown with black bars should be compared with data from 2010 (black bars) (about 34 months after the 6th and final round of MDA).</p

Characteristics of the study subjects at baseline and at 21 months post-treatment.

<p>Characteristics of the study subjects at baseline and at 21 months post-treatment.</p

The association between combination of bacteria taxa with treatment and infection at post-treatment.

<p>The association between combination of bacteria taxa with treatment and infection at post-treatment.</p

The association between each bacteria phylum with treatment and infection at post-treatment.

<p>The association between each bacteria phylum with treatment and infection at post-treatment.</p