Relationship between blood calcium level and post-milking teat canal closure in dairy cows

The teat canal-one of the primary defense mechanisms of the udder-ensures the milk flow during milking in bovines and prevents pathogens from entering the udder by forming a barrier through the elastic muscle and keratin layers tightly closing the surrounding area. The current study investigated the effects of blood calcium status on teat closure in cows after milking. The study covered 200 healthy teats, of which 100 were from normocalcemic (NC) cows and 100 were from subclinical hypocalcemic (SCH) cows. Teat canal length (TCL) and width (TCW) were measured with ultrasonography at 0-min pre-milking and 15- and 30-min post-milking. Cylindrically shaped teat canal volume (TCV) was calculated by deriving from TCL and TCW. Time-dependent changes in teat canal closure and their relationships with blood calcium levels were analyzed. The results showed that the calcium level did not affect TCL, TCW, and TCV (P > 0.05) during the 15-min post-milking period. However, TCL (P < 0.001), TCW (P < 0.05), and TCV (P < 0.001) were lower in NC cows than in SCH cows at 30-min post-milking. At 15-min post-milking, no correlation existed between the teat canal closure (Delta TCL, Delta TCW, and Delta TCV) and the blood calcium level, while significant correlations were available between the teat canal closure and the blood calcium level {Delta TCL (r: - 0.288, P < 0.001), Delta TCW (r: - 0.260, P < 0.001), Delta TCV (r: - 0.150, P < 0.05)} at 30-min post-milking. The current study concluded that the blood calcium status significantly impacts the teat canal closure in bovines, and calcium status should be meticulously monitored with the mastitis control program to apply necessary strategic steps

Environmental factors influencing milk yield and lactation length in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes in Türkiye

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the environmental factors including, birth season, lactation number, age, and service period, on the annual average lactation milk yield and lactation period of the Italian Mediterranean Buffaloes that were milked by rotary milking systems. The research was carried out on the data of 347 buffaloes in a modern dairy farming between 2016 and 2018 years. Their annual average lactation milk yield and lactation period were found to be 1587.55 ± 33.82 L and 247.66 ± 4.39 days. It was observed that the prolonged service period had a positive effect on the total lactation milk yield and lactation period. The season did not affect the lactation milk yield, but the lactation period was longer in the buffaloes calving in winter months. The service period has a direct effect on the economic profitability, and it was observed that the service periods of buffaloes calving in winter was shorter. It was also determined that milk productivity was positively affected due to the increase in age and lactation number, but there were wide variations in the herd. In conclusion, age, lactation number, and service period were efficient on the annual average milk yield and lactation period, but, on the other hand, the season did not affect the annual average milk yield. More breeding studies are required to minimize variations in buffalo herds milked by different milking techniques.   

Environmental factors influencing milk yield and lactation length in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes in Turkiye

This preliminary study was conducted to investigate the impact of the fixed effects of calving season, parity, calving age and service period, on the annual average milk yield and lactation length of the Italian Mediterra-nean Buffaloes that were milked by rotary milking parlor. For this purpose the data of 347 buffaloes of a dairy farm (with milking parlor) was used. Their annual average milk yield and lactation length were found to be 1587.55 +/- 33.82 L and 247.66 +/- 4.39 days. It was observed that the prolonged service period had a positive effect on the total milk yield and lactation length. The calving season did not affect the milk yield, but the lactation length was longer in the buffa-loes calving in winter months. The service period had a direct effect on the economic profitability, and it was observed that the service period of buffaloes calving in winter was shorter. It was also determined that milk productivity was positively affected due to the increase of calving age and parity, but there were wide variations in the herd. In conclu-sion, calving age, parity, and service period had a positive effect on the annual average milk yield and lactation length, but, on the other hand, calving season did not affect the annual average milk yield. Further studies on breeding and herd management are required to minimize variations in buffalo herds milked by rotary milking system

The effect of twinship on mineral matter, immunoglobulin G and lamb birth weight in late pregnant ewes and their newborn lambs

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of twinship on the mineral matter, immunoglobulin G (IgG), andlamb birth weight in late pregnant ewes and their lambs. The material of the study consisted of the 18 Kıvırcık breedewes, which were 130-150 days pregnant, and their 27 newborn lambs. The ewes included in the study weredivided into two groups by ultrasound as those carrying a single pregnancy (n=9) and a twin pregnancy (n=9). BodyCondition Scores (BCS) were determined and then their blood samples were taken. The lambs born from these eweswere weighed with precision scales as soon as they were born, and blood samples were taken 24 hours after birth.Mineral substance determination from blood samples was made by ICP-OES, and IgG determination was made byELISA. It was found that serum IgG and mineral matter levels were not affected by twinship in ewes (p>0.05).Calcium (Ca) level was significantly higher in twin lambs compared to single lambs (p0.05).Total protein and globulin values were significantly higher in single lambs than twin lambs (P 0.05). As a result, it wasdetermined that twinship and BCS did not affect the mineral substance, total protein, albumin, globulin and IgGlevels in late pregnant ewes, while twinship in lambs affected lamb birth weight, total protein, globulin and Cavalues, but not other mineral and IgG levels. Significantly low total protein and globulin concentrations in twinlambs suggest that these animals cannot absorb enough colostrum

Leishmania infantum’lu Köpeklerde Bazı Minerallerin SerumDüzeyleri

Bu çalışmanın amacı Leishmania infantum (L. infantum)’lu köpeklerin kan serumunda magnezyum (Mg), mangan (Mn), bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn), selenyum (Se) ve molibden (Mo) düzeylerini ortayakoymaktır. Çalışmanın materyalini 14 L. infantum’lu ve 10 sağlıklı köpek oluşturdu. Anti L. infantum antikorlarının tespiti ELISA testiyle yapıldı. Serum mineral düzeylerine İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma Optik Emisyon Spektrometre (ICP-OES) cihazıyla bakıldı. Sağlıklı köpeklere göre layşmanyozisliköpeklerde serum Zn, Se ve Mo düzeylerinde azalma Cu düzeylerinde ise artma tespit edilmesinerağmen sadece Zn seviyesinde istatistiksel bir önem tespit edildi (P<0.05). Sonuç olaraklayşmanyozisli köpeklerde serum Zn düzeyinde bir azalma olduğu ortaya konuldu

Türkiye’deki Bir İşletmede Yetiştirilen İtalyan Mandalarına Ait Bazı Reprodüktif Özellikler ve Karşılaşılan Reprodüktif Bozuklukların İnsidensi Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de özel bir işletmede entansif yetiştiriciliği yapılan İtalyan mandalarına aitbazı reprodüktif özellikler ve karşılaşılan reprodüktif bozuklukların insidensinin belirlenmesiamaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, işletmede bulunan 347 adet dişi mandaya ait iki yıllık işletme kayıtlarıincelenerek, hayvanların reprodüktif verim özelliklerinden gebelik oranı, ilkine gebe kalma yaşı,ilkine malaklama yaşı, doğum-yeniden gebe kalma aralığı, iki doğum arasındaki süre, gebeliksüresi, dişi ve erkek malak doğum ağırlığı parametreleri hesaplandı. Ayrıca sürüde iki yıllık süreçtegözlenen abort, güç doğum ve bazı postpartum bozuklukların insidensi belirlendi. İncelenen verilersonucunda, sürü içerisinde bazı parametrelerde önemli varyasyonların olduğu, ayrıca etkili bir sürüyönetimi için düzenli reprodüktif takip ve üreme programları uygulanması gerektiği kanaatinevarıldı

The effect of eCG applied to dairy cows in postpartum period on ovarian activity and reproductive performance

Bu çalışmada postpartum(pp) dönemde uygulanan eCG’nin ovaryum follikül gelişimine, serum östradiol konsantrasyonuna, serum progesteron konsantrasyonuna, doğum–ilk östrus(doğum–ilk tohumlama) aralığına ve ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma üzerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini pp 14. günde olan 20 adet inek oluşturdu. Çalışmaya alınan inekler rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruba pp 14. günde eCG (500 IU Folligon; Intervet, Holland) uygulandı. İkinci gruba herhangi bir uygulama yapılmayarak kontrol grubu olarak bırakıldı. Çalışmaya alınan bütün hayvanlarda pp 14, 16, 18, 20 ve 22. günlerde ultrasonografik muayene ile ovaryum follikül çapları ölçüldü. Aynı günlerde alınan kan örneklerinden serum östradiol ve progesteron ölçümleri yapıldı. Çalışmaya alınan bütün hayvanlar gözlenebilir ilk östrus tespit edilinceye kadar takip edildi ve östrus belirtilerinin görülmesinden 12 saat sonra tohumlandı. Tohumlamadan sonraki 45. günde gebelik muayenesi yapıldı. Postpartum dönemde eCG uygulanan ineklerde, uygulanmayanlara göre ovaryum follikül çaplarında artış ve doğum-ilk östrus(doğum-ilk tohumlama) aralığında kısalma saptandı. Buna karşılık serum östradiol ve progesteron hormon düzeyleri açısından iki grup arasında fark bulunamadı. Deney grubunda gebelik oranı kontrol grubuna göre yüksek bulunmakla birlikte istatistik açıdan fark yoktu. Sonuç olarak sütçü ineklere pp 14. günde uygulanan eCG’nin serum östradiol ve progesteron düzeylerini etkilemediği fakat ovaryum follikül çapını ve doğum- ilk östrus süresini olumlu etkilediği kanısına varılmıştır.In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of eCG applied in postpartum(pp) period on ovarian follicle development, serum estradiol concentration,serum progesteron concentration, calving - first oestrus (calving - first insemination) interval and conception in first insemination. The material of this study consisted of 20 cows on the 14th day of pp. Cows included in this study were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, cows were treated with eCG (500 IU Folligon; Intervet, Holland) at 14 days. The second group was left as a control group without any treatment. Ovarian follicle diameters were measured by ultrasonographic examination on pp 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 days in all animals included in the study. Serum estradiol and progesterone measurements were made from blood samples taken on the same days. All animals included in the study were followed until the first observable oestrus were detected and inseminated 12 hours after the appearance of oestrus symptoms. A pregnancy examination was performed on the 45th day after insemination. In cows implemented with eCG during postpartum period, the rise of ovarian follicle diameters according to untreated and the calving to first oestrus interval shortening were determined. In contrast, serum estradiol and progesterone hormone levels were not different between the two groups. Pregnancy rate in the experimental group was higher than the control group, but there was no statistical difference. As a result, it was concluded that eCG applied to dairy cows on pp 14th day did not affect serum estradiol and progesterone levels, but it affected the ovarian follicle diameter and the calving - first oestrus duration positively

Praca oryginalna Original paper Effect of ECG applied to dairy cows in the postpartum period on ovarian activity and reproductive performance

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin (ECG) applied in postpartum (pp) period on ovarian follicle development, serum estradiol concentration, serum progesterone concentration, the calving-to-first oestrus (calving-to-first insemination) interval, and conception at first inseminatipn. The material of this study consisted of 20 cows on day 14 pp. Cows included in this study were randomly divided into two groups. Cows in the first group, were treated with ECG (500IU Folligon; Intervet, Holland) for 14 days. No treatment was applied to the second group, and it was left as a control group, Ovarian follicle diameters were measured by ultrasonographic examination on days 14,16,18,20 and 22 pp in all animals included lit the study. Serum estradiol and progesterone were from blood samples taken on the same days. All animals included in the study were followed up until the first observable oestrus was detected, and they were inseminated 12 hours after the appearance of oestrus symptoms. A pregnancy examination was performed on the 45th day after insemination. In cows administered with ECG during postpartum period, an increase in ovarian follicle diameters compared to untreated cows and a decrease in the calving-to-first oestrus interval were determined. In contrast, serum estradiol and progesterone hormone levels did not differ between the two groups. Pregnancy rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, but there was no statistical difference between them. As a result, it was concluded that ECG applied to dairy cows on day 14 pp did not affect serum estradiol and progesterone levels, but it affected the ovarian follicle diameter and the calvlng-to-first oestrus interval positively. © 2020 Polskie Towarzystwo Nauk Weterynaryjnych. All rights reserved

A case of secondary abdominal ectopic pregnancy in a bitch

Cases of ectopic pregnancy (EP) and associated fetal mumification in bitches have been rarely reported. In this case report, it was aimed to present a case of secondary abdominal EP diagnosed in a 3-year-old bitch. Abdominal EP was incidentally diagnosed by radiographic examination of the bitch, which had a traffic accident, for likely possible fractures in the body. This case, which can be classified as secondary abdominal EP, was found to be compatible with the literature. The ectopic fetuses were removed from the body by surgical method, and the bitch was fully recovered. © 2021 British Veterinary Associatio