The effects of dietary flavonoid supplementation on the antioxidant status of laying hens

Department of Science Research Project at Artvin Coruh UniversityNinety-six 28-week-old Lohmann White laying hens were utilized to test the antioxidant effects of flavonoids (hesperidin, naringin, and quercetin at 0.5 g/kg diet) during an 8-wk experimental period. At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected to determine total protein, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels as well as activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and level of glutathione (GSH) in erythrocyte lysates. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Naringin supplementation did not alter serum cholesterol concentration, whereas hesperidin and quercetin supplementations decreased serum cholesterol concentration. Naringin and quercetin supplementations did not affect serum protein concentration. All flavonoids decreased MDA concentration as well as increased GSH-Px, GR, GST, and SOD activities and GSH level, being quercetion superior to hesperidin and naringin. In conclusion, flavonoids, especially quercetin, exert antioxidant activity, which may help improve wellbeing when laying hens are exposed to stressors

Comparison of the effects of dietary supplementation of flavonoids on laying hen performance, egg quality and egg nutrient profile

1. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation of hesperidin, naringin and quercetin on laying hen performance, egg quality and egg yolk lipid and protein profiles.2. A total of 96 Lohmann White laying hens weighing an average of 1500g at 28weeks of age were randomly assigned to a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented (0.5g/kg) with either hesperidin, naringin or quercetin. Each treatment was replicated in 6 cages in an 8-week experimental period. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance.3. None of the dietary flavonoids affected laying performance and eggshell quality. Hesperidin and quercetin supplementations decreased albumen and yolk indexes.4. As compared to the control group, egg yolk cholesterol content decreased and egg yolk protein content increased in response to dietary hesperidin and quercetin supplementation. The mean egg yolk cholesterol (mg/g) and protein (g/100g) contents were 10.08/14.28, 16.12/14.08, 14.75/15.04 and 15.15/14.85 for the control group and groups supplemented with naringin, hesperidin and quercetin, respectively.5. Egg yolk lipid and protein profiles were variable.6. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of hesperidin or quercetin could be used in the diets during the early laying period to reduce egg yolk cholesterol and increase egg yolk protein, which may be attractive to consumers

Nahrungsergänzung mit Bromelain zur Verbesserung der Legeleistung, der Eiqualität und des Antioxidanszustandes

Ziel der Studie war es, die Auswirkung einer Nahrungsergänzung durch Bromelain auf die Legeleistung, die Eiqualität, Serumparameter und den antioxidativen Status zu untersuchen. Insgesamt 96 Hennen der Linie Lohmann White Leghorn (Alter 28 Wochen) wurden während eines 8-wöchigen Versuchszeitraums mit Futtermitteln gefüttert, die unterschiedliche Mengen an Bromelain (0, 0,15, 0,30 und 0,45 g/kg) enthielten. Jeder Versuch wurde mit 6 Wiederholungen durchgeführt. Die Daten wurden nach dem GLM-Verfahren analysiert, einschließlich orthogonaler (Kontrolle vs. Bromelain) und polynomaler (Dosis-Wirkungs-Verhältnis) Kontrastanalysen. Eine Nahrungsergänzung mit Bromelain hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Legeleistung und die Eiqualitätsparameter. Bromelain-Supplementierung erhöhte die Proteinkonzentration im Eigelb (P < 0,0001) und im Serum (P < 0,04), und verminderte den Triacylglycerolanteil im Eigelb (P < 0,0001) und die Cholesterinkonzentration im Serum (P < 0,0003), hatte aber keinen Einfluss auf den Cholesterinanteil im Eigelb. Im Serum der Hennen, die mit Bromelain-ergänztem Futter gefüttert wurden, wurden mehr antioxidative Enzyme (265 vs. 210 U/g Protein für Superoxiddismutase; 16,31 vs. 7,95 U/g Hb für Glutathionperoxidase und 4.70 vs. 2,33 U/g Hb für Glutathion-STransferase; P < 0,0001) und weniger Malondialdehyd (114 vs. 86 nmol/ml, P < 0,05) nachgewiesen als bei Hennen, die das Kontrollfuttermittel erhielten. Es kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass zur Verbesserung der antioxidativen Kapazität eine Nahrungsergänzung mit Bromelain bis zu 0,45 g/kg im Legehennenfutter möglich ist.This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary bromelain supplementation on laying performance, egg nutrient profile, serum traits and antioxidant status. A total of 96 Lohmann White laying hens (28-weeks-old) were fed diets containing different concentrations of bromelain (0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 g/kg) during an 8-weeks experimental period. Each treatment was replicated in six cages. Data were analysed using the GLM Procedure, including orthogonal (control vs. bromelain) and polynomial (dose-response) contrasts statements. Bromelain supplementation did not affect the laying performance and egg quality parameters. Bromelain supplementation increased egg yolk (P < 0.0001) serum protein (P < 0.04) concentrations, decreased egg yolk triacylglycerol fraction (P < 0.0001) and serum cholesterol concentration (P < 0.0003), but did not affect egg yolk cholesterol fraction. Hens fed diets supplemented with the bromelain had higher concentrations of antioxidant enzymes (265 vs. 210 U/g protein for superoxide dismutase; 16.31 vs. 7.95 U/g Hb for glutathione peroxidase and 4.70 vs. 2.33 U/g Hb for glutathione-S-transferase; P < 0.0001) and lower malondialdehyde (114 vs. 86 nmol/ml, P < 0.05) in serum than hens fed the control diet. In conclusion, bromelain could be supplemented up to 0.45 g/kg in the laying hen diet to enhance antioxidant capacity

Estimation of feed intake and digestibility in grazing cattle using alkane indicator technique

Bu çalışmada, merada otlayan danalarda alkan indikatör metodu ile Kuru Madde Tüketimi (KMTt) ve Kuru Madde Sindirilebilirliği (KMSt) tahmini ve Kars şartlarında hayvanların sezonun değişik dönemlerinde meradan ne kadar yararlanabildiklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma iki deneme halinde yürütüldü, ilk denemede 5 adet erkek dana (ort. CA 244.5±2.3 kg) kullanılmış olup deneme 20 gün sürmüştür. İlk denemede kapalı mekanda kontrollü yemleme ile belirlenen Kuru Madde Tüketimi (KMT) ve Sindirilebilirliğinin (KMS), alkan indikatörler kullanılarak yapılan KMTt ve KMSt ile karşılaştırılması yapılmış ve alkan indikatör tekniği ile yapılan tahminlerin doğruluk ve güvenilebilirliği belirlenmiştir. İkinci deneme ise merada otlayan hayvanlar kullanılarak 20’şer günlük 5 dönem halinde yürütülmüştür. Bu denemede toplam 10 adet erkek dana (ort. CA 164.9±1.5 kg) 2 gruba ayrılarak her bir dönemde farklı grup hayvan kullanılmıştır. Ahır denemesinde en iyi KMTt karma (24 saat boyunca toplanan) numunelerde alkan C33:C32 çiftiyle yapılan hesaplamalarla elde edilmiştir (R2: 0.86). Alkan C32 ve C33 kullanılarak elde edilen KMSt’leri KMS’ne benzer bulunurken, alkan C36 kullanılarak elde edilen KMSt’leri düşük bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Ahır denemesinde elde edilen sonuçlar alkan indikatör kapsüllerin alkan indikatör metodunda dozlama amacıyla başarıyla kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Mera çalışması sonuçlarına göre hayvanların Ağustos ayı sonlarından itibaren meradan kuru madde ihtiyaçlarını yeterince karşılayamadıkları belirlenmiştir.This study examined the estimation of the Dry-Matter Intake (DMIe) and Digestibility (DMDe) and the utilization of the pasture by grazing cattle in different seasons of the Kars region by using alkane indicator technique. Two experiments were carried out, and in the first experiment, 5 male cattle (mean LW. 244.5&plusmn;2.3 kg) were used for 20 days. In first experiment, the precision and reliability of alkane indicator technique were determined by comparing the real Dry Matter Intake (DMI) and Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD) which was obtained by the controlled indoor study with DMIe and DMDe estimated by using alkane indicators. The second experiment was conducted with the pasturing cattle in meadow in 5 terms each lasted 20 days. Ten male cattle (mean LW. 164.9&plusmn;1.5 kg) were divided in two groups, and different animals were used in each term. The best result for DMIe was obtained by using the alkanes C33:C32 couples in mixed (collected in 24 h) samples in indoor study (R2: 0.86). DMDe&amp;#8217;s calculated by using alkanes C32 and C33 were similar to the real DMD, whereas the DMDe&amp;#8217;s with alkane C36 were underestimated (P&lt;0.05). The results obtained with indoor study showed that alkane indicator capsules could be used successfully as a dosing method in alkane indicator method. According to the second experiment results, it was determined that the animals, grazing in the pasture in Kars conditions, were not able to get required nutrient from the pasture towards the end of August

Effects of high fructose diet on lipid metabolism and the hepatic NF-κB/ SIRT-1 pathway

The liver is the primary site for fructose metabolism; therefore, the liver is susceptible to fructose related metabolic disturbances including metabolic insulin dysfunction, dyslipidemia and inflammation. We investigated whether astaxanthin (ASX) can modify hepatic nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB)/sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) expression to alter oxidative stress caused by ingestion of excess fructose in rats. The animals were divided randomly into two x two factorially arranged groups: two regimens were given either water (W) or 30% fructose in drinking water (F). These two groups were divided further into two subgroups each: two treatments, either orally with 0.2 ml olive oil (OO) or 1 mg ASX/kg/day in 0.2 ml olive oil (ASX). Fructose administration increased serum glucose, triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins, and decreased serum concentration of high density lipoproteins; fructose did not alter serum total cholesterol. Excess fructose decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased hepatic NF-κB and MDA levels. ASX treatment increased hepatic SIRT-1 and decreased hepatic NF-κB and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. ASX treatment decreased hepatic NF-κB and increased SOD levels, but did not alter MDA level in rats fed high fructose. ASX administration ameliorated oxidative stress caused by excess fructose by increasing hepatic NF-κB and SIRT-1 expression

Astaxanthin alleviates renal damage of rats on high fructose diet through modulating NF kappa B/SIRT1 pathway and mitigating oxidative stress

Coordinator of Scientific Research Projects at Artvin Coruh University: 2016.M80.02.08This study was conducted to determine the effect of astaxanthin (ASX) treatment on alleviation ofrenal damage in high fructose induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Treatments were arranged in a 2 2 fac-torial fashion: administrations of fructose (30%, via drinking water) and ASX (1 mg/kg/day, within0.2ml olive oil) for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The ASX treatment decreasedserum urea (p<.01) and blood urea–N concentrations (p<.02) at a lower extent in rats receiving fruc-tose than those not receiving fructose. Moreover, the ASX treatment reversed the increases in malon-dialdehyde (MDA) (p<.0001) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-jB) (p<.0003) levels and the decreasesin superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p<.0001) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) level (p<.0004), in the kidneyupon high fructose consumption. The data suggest that ASX supplementation alleviates renal damageinduced by high fructose consumption through modulating NF-jB/SIRT1 pathway and mitigating oxi-dative stress

Effect of betulinic acid administration on TLR-9/NF-kappa B /IL-18 levels in experimental liver injury

Background/aim: Acetaminophen (APAP), used in the composition of thousands of preparations, is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of the betulinic acid (BA) treatment through an APAP-induced hepatotoxicity rat model, using inflammatory, biochemical, and histopathological parameters. Materials and methods: The study consisted of four groups: control group, APAP group, BA group, and APAP+BA group. Experimental studies continued for fifteen days. Serum samples were analysed for glucose, total cholesterol (TChol), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate amino transferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Results: TLR9, IL-18, NF-kappa B, and MDA levels increased significantly in liver injury groups. These increases considerably decreased by the BA treatment. All groups showed immunopositivity for 8-hydroxy-2 & rsquo;& ndash;deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and interleukin (IL-1 beta) in the hepatocytes, inflammatory cells, and epithelial cells of bile ducts. Conclusion: BA can be used as an effective agent in the prevention and treatment of acute liver diseases due to its inhibitory properties in multiple pathways and its potent antioxidant effects.Coordinator of Scientific Research Projects at the University of Artvin Coruh 2018.M83.02.0

Effects of oleanolic acid on inflammation and metabolism in diabetic rats

This work was supported by Coordinator of Scientific Research Projects [2018.M83.02.02] at Artvin Coruh University.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that threatens the health of the world population. We investigated the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) administration on inflammation status and metabolic profile in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Four experimental groups were established: healthy rats not administered OA, healthy rats administered OA, diabetic rats not administered OA, diabetic rats administered OA. OA, 5 mg/kg, was administered by oral gavage for 21 days. Serum samples collected at the end of the experiment and analyzed for toll-like receptor-9, interleukin-18, nuclear factor kappa B, malondialdehyde MDA, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. Pancreas tissue was examined for pathology. Induction of DM caused increased serum concentrations of inflammation and oxidative damage markers. DM also caused hyperglycemia-hyperlipidemia and decreased serum concentration of minerals. The islets of Langerhans were degenerated and necrotic. Administration of OA reversed the adverse effects of DM. OA treatment can ameliorate inflammation and oxidative damage due to DM by normalizing hyperglycemia and decreasing TLR-9, IL-18, NF-kappa B and MDA levels

Effects of astaxanthin on biochemical and histopathological parameters related to oxidative stress on testes of rats on high fructose regime

Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll family of hydroxycarotenoids which contains sev-eral double bonds. It is produced by Haemococcus pluvialis, a microalgae and pos-sesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to test whether ASX could protect against oxidative damage in the testicular tissues of rats receiving high fructose. The rats (n = 24) were randomly divided into two main groups: control and fructose (30%, via drinking water) and then each main group ei-ther not supplemented or supplemented with ASX (1 mg kg−1 day−1, within 0.2 ml olive oil) via oral gavage. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA. High fructose consumption tended to increase testis weight and serum testosterone concentration and decreased testicular tissue glutathione-S- transferase (GST) and superoxide dis-mutase (SOD) levels, but did not affect testicular tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) con-centration. Astaxanthin administration increased testosterone, GST and SOD levels and testis weight and decreased MDA concentration. However, ASX administration did not reverse alterations in antioxidant parameters caused by high fructose con-sumption. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) tended to increase in sertoli cell, spermatid and spermatogonia, but not in spermatocytes and leydig cell in response to high fructose consumption. Astaxanthin administration tended to reverse elevation in iNOS in testis cells. In conclusion, ASX could help alleviate oxidative damage caused by high fructose consumptio