category by utterances and respective characteristics.

<p>category by utterances and respective characteristics.</p

Multivariable analysis of intervention effect on the incidence of diarrhea among under-five children, Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia, 2011.

<p>Multivariable analysis of intervention effect on the incidence of diarrhea among under-five children, Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia, 2011.</p

Household Water Chlorination Reduces Incidence of Diarrhea among Under-Five Children in Rural Ethiopia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

<div><p>Background</p><p>Household water treatment has been advocated as a means of decreasing the burden of diarrheal diseases among young children in areas where piped and treated water is not available. However, its effect size, the target population that benefit from the intervention, and its acceptability especially in rural population is yet to be determined. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of household water chlorination in reducing incidence of diarrhea among children under-five years of age.</p><p>Method</p><p>A cluster randomized community trial was conducted in 36 rural neighborhoods of Eastern Ethiopia. Households with at least one child under-five years of age were included in the study. The study compared diarrhea incidence among children who received sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach) for household water treatment and children who did not receive the water treatment. Generalized Estimation Equation model was used to compute adjusted incidence rate ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence interval.</p><p>Result</p><p>In this study, the incidence of diarrhea was 4.5 episodes/100 person week observations in the intervention arm compared to 10.4 episodes/100 person week observations in the control arm. A statistically significant reduction in incidence of diarrhea was observed in the intervention group compared to the control (Adjusted IRR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.36–0.48).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Expanding access to household water chlorination can help to substantially reduce child morbidity and achieve millennium development goal until reliable access to safe water is achieved.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01376440" target="_blank">NCT01376440</a></p></div

Percentage of residual chlorine during observation period, Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia, 2011.

<p>Percentage of residual chlorine during observation period, Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia, 2011.</p

Annually and monthly patterns of malaria transmission between 2003 and 2012 in northwest Ethiopia.

<p>Annually and monthly patterns of malaria transmission between 2003 and 2012 in northwest Ethiopia.</p

Annual malaria cumulative incidence at the district level in northwest Ethiopia between 2003 and 2012.

<p>The highest malaria incidence (244 per 1000 population at risk) occurred in Fogera district in 2009 while the lowest malaria incidence (6.1 per 1000 population at risk) occurred in Alefa district in 2006. Fluctuating temporal trends of annual malaria incidence were observed.</p

Location of the study area, Amhara national regional state, northwest Ethiopia.

<p>Location of the study area, Amhara national regional state, northwest Ethiopia.</p

Effect of the intervention with different age group of under-five children, Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia, 2011.

<p>DD = diarrhea diseases, PWO = Person week of observation. The incidence of diarrhea was calculated as the number of new episodes divided by the total number of person–weeks observation.</p

Kaplan-Meier indicating age at sexual debut among never-married and ever-married male and female youth in Butajira, Ethiopia

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Traditional values of virginity and sexual behaviour in rural Ethiopian youth: results from a cross-sectional study"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/9</p><p>BMC Public Health 2008;8():9-9.</p><p>Published online 9 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2254614.</p><p></p

Monthly and seasonal variation of malaria transmission in northwest Ethiopia, between 2003 and 2012.

<p>The peak malaria transmission period occurred between September and December, during which nearly 40.6% of the annual malaria cases were reported.</p