Sleep habits of children diagnosed with attention/ deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and effects of treatment on sleep related parameters

This study aimed to evaluate the baseline sleep habits of children with ADHD and the effects of treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) on sleep parameters. Treatment naive children with clinically normal intelligence diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled in the study. Children were treated naturalistically with MPH and ATX. Treatments were started at 0.5 mg/ kg/ day and titrated weekly to a maximum of 1.2 mg/ kg/ day. The daily equivalent dose was calculated according to clinician toolkits of Utah Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. DSM-IV Based Screening and Assessment Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders- Parent form (DBSASDBD) and Clinical Global Impression Scale were used to assess ADHD symptoms and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)- Short Form was used to assess the sleep habits and problems before and after the treatment. Both MPH and ATX reduced symptom severity of ADHD in all domains and also reduced total CSHQ scores with similar effect sizes. (0.7 for MPH vs. 0.8 for ATX). The rate of clinically significant sleep problems at baseline was 93.5 %. At the end-point, 83.9 % of the sample still displayed clinically significant sleep problems while none of the children were judged to have moderate-severe sleep problems. Our results suggest that both ATX and MPH may selectively improve different sleep domains in children with ADHD. Studies using standardized dosing schemes for longer durations and evaluating sleep with objective measurements may clarify the differential effects of treatments on sleep among children with ADHD.WOS:0005736513000102-s2.0-85083851580PubMed: 3236121

Zuclopenthixol Acetate Treatment in Children With Bipolar Disorder and Severe Aggression

WOS: 000290033100033PubMed ID: 2153237

THE ADAPTATION OF EMOTIONAL AUTONOMY SCALE INTO TURKISH AND EXAMINATION OF EMOTIONAL AUTONOMY AN NON-CLINICAL ADOLESCENCE SAMPLE

WOS: 000382619500008Objective: The study is aimed to adapt the Emotional Autonomy Scale (EAS; Steinberg & Silverberg, 1986) to Turkish through the use of confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, and to examine the psychometric characteristics of the scale. Material and Method: The study was done among 1,051 students (600 girls, 445 boys, 6 not identified sexuality; aged 14-20) in four high schools from different socioeconomic levels in Izmir. In the study, the Turkish form of the EAS and the Parent-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire (PARQ) were used as data collection tools. Emotional Autonomy was measured by 20-item EAS, which included deidealization, nondependency on parents, perceives parents as people, and individuation subscales. Results: The internal consistency coefficient was 0.78 and the Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.79. The test-retest reliability by three weeks was 0.65. The analysis of items by item-response theory indicated that the six items (item 1, 2, 4, 9, 11, and 18) represented a good fit to the two-parameter model fit. The analysis of items by item response theory indicated that item 3, 8, 10, 14, 16 and 19 to be the least discriminant item, and consecutively item 7, 17 and 18 followed. The most discriminant items happened to be 6, 8, and 10. The four factor structure of the scale was tested and the Goodness of Fit Index was 0.81 through confirmatory factor analysis. The correlation coefficients between the EAS total score, and the PARQ Global Distress and Cohesion Subscales were 0.55 and -0.48 respectively. Conclusion: The analysis of items by item-response theory showed some problematic aspects of the construction of this scale. This result is due to the fact the emotional autonomy is very likely to be multidimensional in nature. Therefore, in future studies of predictors and outcomes of the emotional autonomy, multidimensionality should be taken into account. Despite some limitations, an in-depth structural analysis of the EAS in a large sample of Turkish students indicates that it is possible to give a useful interpretation to the EAS