4,428 research outputs found
Star Formation in Cluster Galaxies at 0.2<z<0.55
The rest frame equivalent width of the [OII]3727 emission line, W(OII), has
been measured for cluster and field galaxies in the CNOC redshift survey of
rich clusters at 0.2<z<0.55. Emission lines of any strength in cluster galaxies
at all distances from the cluster centre, out to 2R_{200}, are less common than
in field galaxies. The mean W(OII) in cluster galaxies more luminous than
M_r^k<-18.5 + 5\log h (q_o=0.1) is 3.8 \pm 0.3 A (where the uncertainty is the
1 sigma error in the mean), significantly less than the field galaxy mean of
11.2 \pm 0.3 A. For the innermost cluster members (R<0.3R_{200}), the mean
W(OII) is only 0.3 \pm 0.4 A. Thus, it appears that neither the infall process
nor internal tides in the cluster induce detectable excess star formation in
cluster galaxies relative to the field. The colour-radius relation of the
sample is unable to fully account for the lack of cluster galaxies with
W(OII)>10 A, as expected in a model of cluster formation in which star
formation is truncated upon infall. Evidence of supressed star formation
relative to the field is present in the whole cluster sample, out to 2 R_{200},
so the mechanism responsible for the differential evolution must be acting at a
large distance from the cluster centre, and not just in the core. The mean star
formation rate in the cluster galaxies with the strongest emission corresponds
to an increase in the total stellar mass of less than about 4% if the star
formation is due to a secondary burst lasting 0.1 Gyr.Comment: aasms4 latex, 3 postscript figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Letters. Also available at http://astrowww.phys.uvic.ca/~balogh
Assessing the Quality of Regulatory Impact Analyses
This study provides the most comprehensive evaluation of the quality of recent economic analyses that agencies conduct before finalizing major regulations. We construct a new dataset that includes analyses of forty-eight major health, safety, and environmental regulations from mid-1996 to mid-1999. This dataset provides detailed information on a variety of issues, including an agency's treatment of benefits, costs, net benefits, discounting, and uncertainty. We use this dataset to assess the quality of recent economic analyses and to determine the extent to which they are consistent with President Clinton's Executive Order 12866 and the benefit-cost guidelines issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). We find that economic analyses prepared by regulatory agencies typically do not provide enough information to make decisions that will maximize the efficiency or effectiveness of a rule. Agencies quantified net benefits for only 29 percent of the rules. Agencies failed to discuss alternatives in 27 percent of the rules and quantified costs and benefits of alternatives in only 31 percent of the rules. Our findings strongly suggest that agencies generally failed to comply with the executive order and adhere to the OMB guidelines. We offer specific suggestions for improving the quality of analysis and the transparency of the regulatory process, including writing clear executive summaries, making analyses available on the Internet, providing more careful consideration of alternatives to a regulation, and estimating net benefits of a regulation when data on costs and benefits are provided.
Assessing Regulatory Impact Analyses: The Failure of Agencies to Comply With Executive Order 12,866
None.Environment, Health and Safety, Regulatory Reform
Multiwavelength Mass Comparisons of the z~0.3 CNOC Cluster Sample
Results are presented from a detailed analysis of optical and X-ray
observations of moderate-redshift galaxy clusters from the Canadian Network for
Observational Cosmology (CNOC) subsample of the EMSS. The combination of
extensive optical and deep X-ray observations of these clusters make them ideal
candidates for multiwavelength mass comparison studies. X-ray surface
brightness profiles of 14 clusters with 0.17<z<0.55 are constructed from
Chandra observations and fit to single and double beta-models. Spatially
resolved temperature analysis is performed, indicating that five of the
clusters in this sample exhibit temperature gradients within their inner 60-200
kpc. Integrated spectra extracted within R_2500 provide temperature, abundance,
and luminosity information. Under assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium and
spherical symmetry, we derive gas and total masses within R_2500 and R_200. We
find an average gas mass fraction within R_200 of 0.136 +/- 0.004, resulting in
Omega_m=0.28 +/- 0.01 (formal error). We also derive dynamical masses for these
clusters to R_200. We find no systematic bias between X-ray and dynamical
methods across the sample, with an average M(dyn)/M(X-ray) = 0.97 +/- 0.05. We
also compare X-ray masses to weak lensing mass estimates of a subset of our
sample, resulting in a weighted average of M(lens)/M(X-ray) of 0.99 +/- 0.07.
We investigate X-ray scaling relationships and find powerlaw slopes which are
slightly steeper than the predictions of self-similar models, with an E(z)^(-1)
Lx-Tx slope of 2.4 +/- 0.2 and an E(z) M_2500-Tx slope of 1.7 +/- 0.1.
Relationships between red-sequence optical richness (B_gc,red) and global
cluster X-ray properties (Tx, Lx and M_2500) are also examined and fitted.Comment: Astrophysical Journal, 48 pages, 11 figures, LaTeX. Added correction
to surface brightness normalization of MS1512.4+3647, corrections to sample
gas mass fractions and calculated value of Omega_m. Figure resolution has
been reduced to comply with astro-ph upload requirement
A case study on mining social media data
In recent years, usage of social media websites have been soaring. This trend not only limits to personal but corporate web-sites. The latter platforms contain an enormous amount of data posted by customers or users. Without a surprise, the data in corporate social media web-sites are normally link to the products or services provided by the companies. Therefore, the data can be utilized for the sake of companies’ benefits. For example, operations management research and practice with the objective to make decisions on product and process design. Nevertheless, little has been done in this area. In this connection, this paper presents a case study to showcase how social media data can be exploited. A structured approach is proposed which involves the analysis of social media comments and a statistical cluster analysis to identify the inter-relationships among important factors
Optical studies of carrier and phonon dynamics in Ga_{1-x}Mn_{x}As
We present a time-resolved optical study of the dynamics of carriers and
phonons in Ga_{1-x}Mn_{x}As layers for a series of Mn and hole concentrations.
While band filling is the dominant effect in transient optical absorption in
low-temperature-grown (LT) GaAs, band gap renormalization effects become
important with increasing Mn concentration in Ga_{1-x}Mn_{x}As, as inferred
from the sign of the absorption change. We also report direct observation on
lattice vibrations in Ga1-xMnxAs layers via reflective electro-optic sampling
technique. The data show increasingly fast dephasing of LO phonon oscillations
for samples with increasing Mn and hole concentration, which can be understood
in term of phonon scattering by the holes.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures replaced Fig.1 after finding a mistake in
previous versio
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