924 research outputs found
Use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Codes for Obesity: Trends in the United States from an Electronic Health Record-Derived Database.
Obesity is a potentially modifiable risk factor for many diseases, and a better understanding of its impact on health care utilization, costs, and medical outcomes is needed. The ability to accurately evaluate obesity outcomes depends on a correct identification of the population with obesity. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) coding for overweight and obesity within a US primary care electronic health record (EHR) database compared against actual body mass index (BMI) values from recorded clinical patient data; characteristics of patients with obesity who did or did not receive ICD-9 codes for overweight/obesity also were evaluated. The study sample included 5,512,285 patients in the database with any BMI value recorded between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2014. Based on BMI, 74.6% of patients were categorized as being overweight or obese, but only 15.1% of patients had relevant ICD-9 codes. ICD-9 coding prevalence increased with increasing BMI category. Among patients with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), those coded for obesity were younger, more often female, and had a greater comorbidity burden than those not coded; hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and gastroesophageal reflux disease were the most common comorbidities.
KEY FINDINGS: US outpatients with overweight or obesity are not being reliably coded, making ICD-9 codes undependable sources for determining obesity prevalence and outcomes. BMI data available within EHR databases offer a more accurate and objective means of classifying overweight/obese status
Power relations in IS projects – a critical review and a new research agenda
This paper seeks to review and examine the major theoretical underpinnings of research into power relations in IS projects. In order to keep the review manageable and to furnish a reasonable explanation of the ideas and papers referenced, the review is restricted to the ideas of Foucault, Giddens and Clegg. Partly, this restriction was due to the wish of the authors to deal seriously with the ideas presented, and not to produce an exhaustive but terse and taxonomic style review. Partly, the selection of the above theorists is due to the fact that the major IS papers on power relations have drawn on their work. This paper concludes with the presentation of a new theory of power and social influence from social psychology suitable for use in IS research. The ideas of this theory have not yet been examined empirically. Thus, IS researchers are challenged to employ these ideas in their empirical research.<br /
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Socio-demographic, Clinical, and Genetic Determinants of Quality of Life in Lung Cancer Patients.
Patient reported health-related quality of life (QOL) is a major component of the overall well-being of cancer patients, with links to prognosis. In 6,420 lung cancer patients, we identified patient characteristics and genetic determinants of QOL. Patient responses from the SF-12 questionnaire was used to calculate normalized Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. Further, we analyzed 218 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, a key mediator of response to cellular and environmental stress, as genetic determinants of QOL in a subset of the study population (N = 641). Trends among demographic factors for mean PCS and MCS included smoking status (PCS Ptrend < 0.001, MCS Ptrend < 0.001) and education (PCS Ptrend < 0.001, MCS Ptrend < 0.001). Similar relationships were seen for MCS. The homozygous rare genotype of MEF2B: rs2040562 showed an increased risk of a poor MCS (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.05-8.92, P = 0.041). Finally, survival analysis showed that a low PCS or a MCS was associated with increased risks of five-year mortality (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.51-1.77, HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32, respectively) and there was a significant reduction in median survival time (Plog-rank < 0.001). These findings suggest that multiple factors contribute to QOL in lung cancer patients, and baseline QOL can impact survival
Internal Versus External Recruitment – The Story of Three Consecutive Project Managers in an IT Project
As project managers (PMs) play an important role in project success, assigning PMs with appropriate skills and personalities to projects is a crucial task. Nevertheless, empirical research on skill requirements for information technology (IT) PMs is limited and little information systems literature focuses on the role of internally recruited IT PMs. This paper presents a case study of a troubled IT project led by three consecutive PMs, with a range of backgrounds, skills, and personality types. Across subjects, IT project management was found to be a necessity of project success. Additionally, it was observed that internally recruited PMs showed advantages in understanding organisational culture and business processes. Lessons learned from the three PMs confirm the importance of particular skills previously described in the literature, and the need for an additional focus on how an IT PM’s personality facilitates or inhibits IT project outcomes
OMAE2009-79735 DESIGN GUIDELINE AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR THE SAG BEND COMPRESSION OF STEEL CATENARY RISER
ABSTRACT Although steel catenary riser (SCR) is an efficient riser concept for the deepwater oil and gas production, SCR on a Semisubmersible is susceptible to compression at the sag bend region that may lead to over stress under extreme environmental conditions such as 100-year and 1000-year return hurricane in Gulf of Mexico (GOM). It is one of the challenges to SCR design. The paper covers a wide range of SCRs, ranging from 6 inch to 20 inch outer diameter and including production and export SCRs, under the 100-year and 1000-year return hurricane conditions in GOM. Both linear and nonlinear analysis is performed. The non-dimensional compression and stress/strain coefficients are proposed, and they reveal excellent correlations between them and the compression force and bending stress/strain despite of the different riser size and weight. These coefficients can be used to determine the level of compression and bending stress/strain before the detailed and lengthy calculations, which are very useful as design guidelines. The acceptance criteria for GOM 100-year and 1000-year return hurricanes are discussed. It is recommended that for the nonlinear strain-based design the collapsed-based strain acceptance criteria are not conservative. More stringent nonlinear strain-based criteria are recommended, such as fracture mechanics analysis and accumulated strain analysis to ensure the integrity of the SCR during its life span
Neuroprotective effects of blockers for T-type calcium channels
Cognitive and functional decline with age is correlated with deregulation of intracellular calcium, which can lead to neuronal death in the brain. Previous studies have found protective effects of various calcium channel blockers in pathological conditions. However, little has been done to explore possible protective effects of blockers for T-type calcium channels, which forms a family of FDA approved anti-epileptic drugs. In this study, we found that neurons showed an increase in viability after treatment with either L-type or T-type calcium channel antagonists. The family of low-voltage activated, or T-type calcium channels, comprise of three members (Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3) based on their respective main pore-forming alpha subunits: α1G, α1H, and α1I. Among these three subunits, α1H is highly expressed in hippocampus and certain cortical regions. However, T-type calcium channel blockers can protect neurons derived from α1H-/- mice, suggesting that neuroprotection demonstrated by these drugs is not through the α1H subunit. In addition, blockers for T-type calcium channels were not able to confer any protection to neurons in long-term cultures, while blockers of L-type calcium channels could protect neurons. These data indicate a new function of blockers for T-type calcium channels, and also suggest different mechanisms to regulate neuronal survival by calcium signaling pathways. Thus, our findings have important implications in the development of new treatment for age-related neurodegenerative disorders
CodeAid: Evaluating a Classroom Deployment of an LLM-based Programming Assistant that Balances Student and Educator Needs
Timely, personalized feedback is essential for students learning programming.
LLM-powered tools like ChatGPT offer instant support, but reveal direct answers
with code, which may hinder deep conceptual engagement. We developed CodeAid,
an LLM-powered programming assistant delivering helpful, technically correct
responses, without revealing code solutions. CodeAid answers conceptual
questions, generates pseudo-code with line-by-line explanations, and annotates
student's incorrect code with fix suggestions. We deployed CodeAid in a
programming class of 700 students for a 12-week semester. A thematic analysis
of 8,000 usages of CodeAid was performed, further enriched by weekly surveys,
and 22 student interviews. We then interviewed eight programming educators to
gain further insights. Our findings reveal four design considerations for
future educational AI assistants: D1) exploiting AI's unique benefits; D2)
simplifying query formulation while promoting cognitive engagement; D3)
avoiding direct responses while encouraging motivated learning; and D4)
maintaining transparency and control for students to asses and steer AI
responses.Comment: CHI 2024 Paper - The paper includes 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables,
along with a 2-page appendi
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Chloride channels regulate differentiation and barrier functions of the mammalian airway.
The conducting airway forms a protective mucosal barrier and is the primary target of airway disorders. The molecular events required for the formation and function of the airway mucosal barrier, as well as the mechanisms by which barrier dysfunction leads to early onset airway diseases, remain unclear. In this study, we systematically characterized the developmental landscape of the mouse airway using single-cell RNA sequencing and identified remarkably conserved cellular programs operating during human fetal development. We demonstrated that in mouse, genetic inactivation of chloride channel Ano1/Tmem16a compromises airway barrier function, results in early signs of inflammation, and alters the airway cellular landscape by depleting epithelial progenitors. Mouse Ano1-/-mutants exhibited mucus obstruction and abnormal mucociliary clearance that resemble the airway defects associated with cystic fibrosis. The data reveal critical and non-redundant roles for Ano1 in organogenesis, and show that chloride channels are essential for mammalian airway formation and function
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