Postpartum Depression Among Women With Previous Infertility in Health Care Centers of Hamadan in 2018

Background: Childbirth is one of the important goals of family, so the infertility can cause many problems for the family. Therefore, the aims of the current study were the frequency of postpartum depression and evaluate the relationship between postpartum depression, socio demographic factors and quality of marital satisfaction in postpartum women with a history of infertility referring to health centers in Hamadan.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all primiparous women with a history of infertility referring to Hamadan health care centres in 2018, of which 240 were randomly selected according to the inclusion criteria during one year. Subjects were assessed by demographic and clinical information checklist, Edinburgh Depression Inventory (EPDS) and marital relationship quality scale (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale; RDAS). All statistical calculations were performed by busing chi square with SPSS-17.Results: Totally 152 out of 240 participants (63.3%), had a degree of depression, of which 57 (23.7%) had a mild depression, 63 (26.3%) had moderate depression and 32 (13.3%) had severe depression. According to result of the study, marital satisfaction in 23.3% (56), 37.1% (89) and 39.6% (95) were good, moderate and low respectively. The quality of marital relationship associated significantly with and postpartum depression (χ2=19.3,P<0.001). The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between age, occupation, educational level, duration of infertility and depression (P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship between ethnicity, insurance and depression (P<0.05).Conclusion: Regarding the results obtained in this study and comparison with existing studies, the infertility problem can cause mental and psychological disorders in women. It seems that the marital satisfaction and its relationship with different factors and the proper interventions by health care providers are necessary to prevent postpartum depression in these women

Forecasting New Cases of Bipolar Disorder Using Poisson Hidden Markov Model

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major public health problem. In time series count data there may be over dispersion, and serial dependency. In such situation some models that can consider the dependency are needed. The purpose current research was to use Poisson hidden Markov model to forecast new monthly BD instances.Methods: In current study the dataset including the frequency of new instances of BD from October 2008 to March 2015 in Hamadan Province, the west of Iran were used. We used Poisson hidden Markov with different number of conditions to determine the best model according to Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Then we used final model to forecast for the next 24 months.Results: Poisson hidden Markov with two states were chosen as the final model. Each component of dependent mixture model explained one of the states. The results showed that the new BD cases is increase over time and due to forecasting results number of patients for the next 24 months comforted in state two with mean 85.15. The forecast interval was approximately (56, 100).Conclusion: As the Poisson hidden Markov models was not used to forecast the future states in other prior researches, the findings of this study set forward a forecasting strategy as an alternative to common methods, by considering its deficiencies

Forecasting Schizophrenia Incidence Frequencies Using Time Series Approach

Introduction: Understanding the prevalence of schizophrenia has important implications for both health service planning and risk factor epidemiology. The aims of this study are to systematically identify and collate studies describing the prevalence of schizophrenia, to summarize the findings of these studies, and to explore selected factors that may influence prevalence estimates.Methods: This historical cohort study was done on schizophrenia patients in Farshchian psychiatric hospital from April 2008 to April 2016. To analyze the data, the Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing (HWES) method was applied. All the analyses were done by R.3.2.3. Software using the packages “forecast” and “tseries”. The statistical significant level was assumed as 0.05.Results: Our investigation show that a constant frequency of Schizophrenia incidence happens every month from August 2008 to February 2015 while a considerable increase occurs in March 2015. The high frequency of Schizophrenia incidence remains constant to the end of 2015 and a decrease is shown in 2016. Also, data demonstrate the development of Schizophrenia in the next 24 months with 95% confidence interval.Conclusion: Our study showed that a significant increase happens in the frequency of Schizophrenia from 2016. Although the development is not constant and the same for all months, the amount of increase is considerably high comparing to before 2016.

Clinical application of Bender–Gestalt in screening of brain lesions in patients with Stroke and Multiple Sclerosis

Background & Objective: Bender-gestalt test is often discussed as a screening method in different brain damages including organic brain syndrome, schizophrenia and neuropsychological functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical application of Bender–Gestalt in screening of brain lesions in patients with Stroke and Multiple Sclerosis. Material & Methods: In this descriptive–analytic research, 21 patients with multiple sclerosis and 19 stroke patients and 30 healthy people were studied through convenience method. Data were collected using Bender-gestalt test and demographic questionnaire checklist including age, gender and the number of years of disease. Collected data were analyzed through SPSS-16 software. Results: 23.8% patients with multiple sclerosis, 36.8% patients with stroke and 43.3% control group people were men. Three basic indices: hand tremors (89.5), pencil pressure (73.7) and bold lines and redrawing in stroke patients and two basic indices: pencil pressure (47.6) and hand tremors (42.9) had the most frequency in patients with multiple sclerosis. Stroke patients had the most accurate (26.3) drawings in card number 1 while patients with multiple sclerosis in card numbers 1–2 and 5 had above 50% accurate drawings. Conclusion: Patients with Multiple sclerosis had better performance on running Bender test in comparison with stroke patients. Hand tremors and pencil pressure indices are most important ones which can be used in the identification of patients with multiple sclerosis and stroke patients

Intrahippocampal administration of D2 but not D1 dopamine receptor antagonist suppresses the expression of conditioned place preference induced by morphine in the ventral tegmental area

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) as a major source of dopamine neurons projecting to cortical and limbic regions has a crucial role in reward and addiction. The current study assessed the role of D1 and D2 receptors within the dorsal hippocampus (CA1) in the expression of conditioned place preference (CPP) by intra-VTA morphine in the rats. In the present study, 160 adult male albino Wistar rats weighing 220–290 g were bilaterally implanted by two cannulae into the CA1 and VTA. The CPP paradigm was done and animal displacement, conditioning score and locomotor activity were recorded. For blocking the dopamine D1/D2 receptors in the dorsal hippocampus, SCH23390 (0.02, 0.05, 0.2 and 0.5 �g per side) or sulpiride (0.25, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 �g per side) were microinjected into the CA1, just 5 min before the CPP test on the post-conditioning day. All animals received intra-VTA morphine (1 �g per side) during 3-days conditioning phase. Our results showed that sulpiride (1.5 and 3 �g) but not SCH23390 in the dorsal hippocampus significantly decreased the expression of CPP induced by intra-VTA morphine (p < 0.001). Intra-CA1 administration of these antagonists alone, in all doses, could not induce CPP. We suggest that D2 receptors in the CA1 region of hippocampus have a key role in the expression of CPP induced by morphine at the level of the VTA and there is a relationship between dopaminergic D2 receptors and opioidergic systems in these areas in reward circuit

Knowledge and Attitude in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Students toward AIDS: A Cross- Sectional Study from West of Iran

Introduction: Young people are the major group at risk of acquiring AIDS worldwide. It is one of the health problems in the world, in particular in developing countries. In this study, knowledge and attitude of Iranian students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences toward HIV and AIDS was assessed.Methods: This investigation was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 509 students were selected from Hamadan University of Medical Sciences schools by sampling methods in 2014-2015. To collect data, the demographic and the international AIDS questionnaire was used. Data analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test with SPSS-16 software.Results: It was found that the means and standard deviation of knowledge score and attitude towards AIDS in general were 53.86±6 and 20.21±3.29, respectively. The results showed that no significant difference was seen between gender and level of knowledge (P=0.391) and attitude about AIDS (P=0.104).The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between faculty and students knowledge (P=0.012). Also, the findings illustrated that there was no significant relationship between faculty (P=0.147) and level of education (P=0.289) and their attitude to AIDS sufferers.Conclusion: The overall rate of knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS among students in Hamadan University of Medical sciences was acceptable and good. It is proposed that information about AIDS/HIV issues as part of the course content plan for all students. Young people are most at risk of HIV, proper training is essential to raise young people knowledge.

Prediction of Quality of life by Self-Efficacy, Pain Intensity and Pain Duration in Patient with Pain Disorders

The quality of life (QOL) has been defined as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’. It is generally accepted that pain intensity and duration have a negative impact on the QOL. One specific type of control is “self-efficacy”, or the belief that one has the ability to successfully engage in specific actions. The ability to adapt to pain may play an important role in maintaining the QOL. In this study, we investigated the role of self-efficacy, pain intensity, and pain duration in various domains of quality of life such as physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. In this study, 290 adult patients (146 men, 144 women) completed coping self-efficacy and the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. Moreover, we illustrated numerical rating scale for pain intensity. The results were analyzed using SPSS version of 19.0 and means, descriptive correlation, and regression were calculated. Our data revealed that self-efficacy but not the pain duration could significantly anticipate the QOL and its four related domains (P<0.001). In addition, it is noticeable that the effect of self-efficacy on the prediction of QOL is much more obvious in the psychological domain. However, the pain intensity could predict all of the QOL domains (P< 0.001) except social and environmental ones. In conclusion, to predict the quality of life (QOL) in person suffering from chronic pain, self-efficacy and pain intensity are more important factors than the pain duration and demographic variables

The Role Of Resilience and Age on Quality of Life in Patients with Pain Disorders

The quality of life (QOL) has been defined as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’. Also; Age was also significantly associated with several functional limitations such as illness, physical restrictions. The concept of ‘‘resilience’’ refers to successful adaptation that unfolds within a context of significant and usually debilitating adversity or life stress. The ability to adapt to pain may play an important role in maintaining the QOL. In this study, we investigated the role of resilience and Age in various domains of quality of life such as physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. In this study, 290 adult patients (146 men, 144 women) completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. Moreover, we illustrated several demographic variables. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and means, descriptive correlation and regression were calculated. Our data revealed that resilience and age could significantly anticipate the QOL and physical aspect P&lt;0.001). In psychological, social and environmental domains resilience but not the age could significantly prediction this domains. In addition, it is noticeable that the effect of resilience on the prediction of QOL is much more obvious in the psychological domain.. In conclusion, resilience is more important factor than the age to predict the quality of life (QOL) in person suffering from chronic pain