Lattice instanton action from 3D SU(2) Georgi-Glashow model

3D Georgi-Glashow model is studied on the lattice in the London limit in an infrared but an intermediate region before the screening appears. Abelian and instanton dominances are observed after abelian projections in a unitary gauge and roughly in the maximally abelian gauge. Using an inverse Monte-Carlo method, we determine an effective instanton action in both gauges. When we restrict ourselves to some regions of parameters $\beta$ and $\kappa$, we obtain an almost perfect instanton action, performing a block-spin transformation on the dual lattice. It takes a form of a Coulomb gas and reproduces fairly well the string tension obtained analytically by Polyakov. The almost perfect actions in both gauges look the same in the infrared region, which suggests gauge independence.Comment: 26 pages, 16 figure

Research Report: Multiple Case Study Comparison of High School and University Students’ Perceptions of Motivational Factors in Classes with Foreign and Local English Teachers

　　Motivation is one of the major forces in language learning. Teachers’ support, or even more the way students perceive this support is an important factor for increasing Self-Determined motivation and fulfillment of their three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. Local (LTEs) and foreign teachers of English (FTEs) in Japan are commonly generalized and categorized into two separate groups, and perceived quite differently in the classroom. The present research report reveals that foreign and local teachers’ support of the basic psychological needs is perceived less fulfilling by students of older grades. The drop in satisfaction between younger and older students is bigger for FTEs than for LTEs. Another finding shows that students of different proficiency levels regard their local teachers of English differently. High level students expressed less satisfaction with the competence need support from LTEs, and low level students found them less intrinsically motivating

Modeling the current distribution in HTS tapes with transport current and applied magnetic field

A numerical model is developed for the current distribution in a high temperature superconducting (HTS) tape, (Bi,Pb)2Sr2 Ca2Cu3Ox-Ag, subjected to a combination of a transport current and an applied magnetic field. This analysis is based on a two-dimensional formulation of Maxwell's equations in terms of an integral equation for the current density J. The finite thickness of the conductor and an arbitrary voltage-current relation (e.g. n-power relation, magnetic field dependency) for the conductor are included in the model. Another important feature is that the model also covers an applied magnetic field in arbitrary directions and a rotating field perpendicular to the conductor, which is of great interest for analyzing the AC loss of HTS (transformer) coils or three-phase electric power cables. A comparison is made with transport current loss measurements on an HTS tape with an AC applied fiel

Effective Monopole Action at Finite Temperature in SU(2) Gluodynamics

Effective monopole action at finite temperature in SU(2) gluodynamics is studied on anisotropic lattices. Using an inverse Monte-Carlo method and the blockspin transformation for space directions, we determine 4-dimensional effective monopole action at finite temperature. We get an almost perfect action in the continuum limit under the assumption that the action is composed of two-point interactions alone. It depends on a physical scale $b_s$ and the temperature $T$. The temperature-dependence appears with respect to the spacelike monopole couplings in the deconfinement phase, whereas the timelike monopole couplings do not show any appreciable temperature-dependence. The dimensional reduction of the 4-dimensional SU(2) gluodynamics ((SU(2))$_{4D}$) at high temperature is the 3-dimensional Georgi-Glashow model ($(GG)_{3D}$). The latter is studied at the parameter region obtained from the dimensional red uction. We compare the effective instanton action of $(GG)_{3D}$ with the timelike monopole action obtained from (SU(2))$_{4D}$. We find that both agree very well for $T \ge 2.4T_c$ at large $b$ region. The dimensional reduction works well also for the effective action.Comment: 34 pages, 23 figure

A case of polypoid endometriosis mimicking advanced ovarian carcinoma with rapid growth, invasion, and dissemination

Polypoid endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis characterized by polypoid masses that histologically often resemble endometrial polyps. We report a case of rapidly progressing polypoid endometriosis that was preoperatively assumed to be advanced ovarian cancer. A 46-year-old woman, para 0, underwent laparoscopic myomectomy and left adnexectomy for uterine fibroids and a left ovarian endometrial cyst after administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist for 4 months. Eleven months postoperatively, rapid right ovarian enlargement occurred. CT and MRI (both contrast-enhanced) showed masses in the right adnexa, cecum, sigmoid colon, and omentum, and PET-CT demonstrated increased uptake, suggesting ovarian cancer and peritoneal dissemination. The patient later developed intestinal obstruction, and colonoscopy revealed multiple polypoid lesions in the sigmoid colon. The omental tumor and right adnexa were biopsied during exploratory laparotomy, and diagnosed as polypoid endometriosis with no malignancy by permanent pathology. The right adnexal tumor shrunk markedly after 4 months of GnRH antagonist treatment. Second laparotomy was then performed for right adnexal tumor resection and ileocecectomy. Pathological examination revealed polypoid endometriosis extending from the ovary to the cecal mucosa. The patient has been asymptomatic for over 1 year postoperatively. The sigmoid colon tumor shrunk but is still present.Polypoid endometriosis predominantly affects the ovaries, colon, peritoneum, and omentum of patients in their 40s and 50s. It is a benign disease but is often difficult to distinguish from malignancy preoperatively because it rapidly forms numerous solid lesions. Although polypoid endometriosis is rare, with no specific imaging findings, including it in a differential diagnosis may facilitate preoperative identification

Struma ovarii with massive ascites mimicking ovarian carcinoma treated with conservative laparoscopic surgery: a case report

Struma ovarii is a rare taratoma that accounts for 0.5-1% of all ovarian tumors. It is sometimes difficult to differentiate struma ovarii from ovarian carcinoma. We encountered a case of struma ovarii that was suspected to be malignant due to the accumulation of massive ascites and an elevated CA125 level. It was successfully treated with laparoscopic surgery.A 37-year-old nulliparous woman consulted a local physician with a chief complaint of abdominal distention. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed a pelvic tumor with a large amount of ascites. She was referred to our department. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT showed bilateral ovarian tumors with multicystic and solid components. CA125 level was markedly elevated. Two cytological examinations of ascites showed no malignant cells. Preoperatively, malignancy was strongly suspected, but considering the possibility of a benign ovarian tumor, laparoscopic surgery was scheduled. During laparoscopic surgery, 4,850 mL of ascites were aspirated, and the left adnexa was removed. Intraoperative rapid pathology suggested struma ovarii with no evidence of malignancy. Postoperative pathology showed mature teratoma and struma ovarii.Although struma ovarii is benign in 90-95% of cases, there have been scattered case reports in which suspected malignancy led to unnecessary or excessive surgery. We propose that appropriate preoperative imaging and accurate intraoperative rapid pathology can prevent excessive surgery, conservative or laparoscopic excisions should be considered

Anxiety, Worry and Fear: Quantifying the Mind Using EKG Time Series Analysis

We analyse the heartbeat interval time series in this chapter. Our time series analysis concepts and techniques have been reported previously, for example, in the Intech Book chapter. Here, we would like to introduce how it works by presenting typical examples. The techniques can distinguish between healthy, sick and stressful hearts. All data were obtained by us from natural heartbeat data. Therefore, we have notes behind data, especially about behavioural psychological observations. Results of analysis are the following: healthy hearts exhibit a healthy scaling exponent (SI), which is near 1.0, stressful hearts exhibit a lower SI, such as 0.7, dying heart’s SI approaches to 0.5, and so forth