Effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time on microtensile bond strength of suprinity and enamic CAD/CAM ceramics to resin cement

Introduction: The use of dental ceramics has increased due to their beauty and biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of the Enamic and Suprinity ceramics. Material & Methods: In this in vitro study, two hydrofluoric acid (HFA) concentrations of 5 (A) and 10 (B) were used at the time of 20, 60 and 120 seconds (s) on the Suprinity and  Enamic ceramics of CAD/CAM. The etched surfaces were impregnated with silane coupling agent as well as priming and Clearfil SE bond. Then, the Panavia F 2.0  resin cement was applied on the ceramic surfaces and light-cured. There were groups of EA20, EA60, EA120, EB20, EB60, EB120 for Vita Enamic and SA20, SA60, SA120, SB20, SB60, SB120 for Vita Suprinity. The μTBS between resin cement and porcelains was measured with universal testing machine. Mode of failure was observed under the stereo microscope at 40x magnification. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Chi-square. Results: The μTBS was significantly different between EB20 and EB60 (p=0.008), EB120 and EB20 (p=0.005), SA120 and SB120 (p=0.013), EA120 and EB120 (p=0.002) as well as EA60 and EB60 (p=0.44). In both ceramics, different concentrations and etching times had significant effect on the mean of μTBS (p=0.016). In both ceramics, the time had no effect on the failure mode. For Suprinity ceramic, the HFA concentration had effect on the failure mode (P=0.028). Conclusion: The best surface treatment for Suprinity ceramic is 120 s with 5 HFA and for Enamic is 20 s with 10 HFA, which create the highest bond strength. &#160

Death Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients Admitted to Panj-Azar Teaching Hospital

Background and Objective: Patients with life threatening diseases have to deal with the death issue. One of the common psychological problem is anxiety esp. death anxiety . This study aimed to determine the level of death anxiety in hemodialysis patients. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all 150 patients admitted to Panj-azar teaching hospital for hemodialysis, 2013. The data was collected by demographic checklist and Templer Death Anxiety questionnaire scoring 0 to 15 (0-6 for low, 7-9 for moderate and 10-15 for high anxiety). We analyzed the data by independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient (P<0.05). Results: Twenty-four point seven percent of the patients had low , 10% average and 65.3% of them had high death anxiety. Average scores of death anxiety in men and in women were 8.21±4.82 and 11.95±3.81, respectively. The relationship of death anxiety with sex (P<0.001), employment status (P<0.001), and age (P<0.002) was significant. Conclusion: Bases on the results, the death anxiety is high in more than half of the patients with hemodialysis

Sexual dimorphism and morphometric study of Caspian pond turtle, Mauremys caspica (Testudines : Geoemydidae) in Golestan Province, southeast of the Caspian Sea

The Caspian pond turtle, Mauremys caspica, is a terrapin belonging to family Geoemydidae. Totally, 130 specimens (67 males and 63 females) were collected manually and by net from different aquatic habitats in Golestan Province from 2016 through 2017. Morphometric characteristics such as length were measured using digital caliper and weight by electronic weighting scale. Skin of this turtle was dark olive green in color and had rows of longitudinal yellow stripes around the head and neck. Their carapace was relatively flat, the bridges between the dorsal and ventral shells were bony, and the ends of anal scutes were found to be pointed. Fingers and toes had swimming membranes. Sexes were identified using the location of vent on the tail. Sex ratios of males to females were nearly 1:1. The maximum straight carapace length (SCL2) was 80.66-230.16 (156.72 ± 42.93) and 56.96-236.84 (147.02 ± 50.76) in males and females, respectively. Ratios of SCL2 to maximum plastron length (PL2) were found to be 1.013- 1.32 (1.15 ± 0.04) in males and 1.01-1.15 (1.08 ± 0.03) in females; ratios of SCL2 to straight carapace width (SCW) were 1.24-2.60 (1.40 ± 0.16) in males and 1.20-1.47 (1.35 ± 0.07) in females; ratios of SCL2 to carapace height (CH) were 2.28-3.55 (2.79 ± 0.22) in males and 2.05-8.78 (2.87 ± 1.11) in females; ratios of SCL2 to tail length2 (TL2) were 2.33-7.59 (3.76 ± 0.91) in males and 2.34-4.78 (3.06 ± 0.62) in females. Ratios of straight width of femuro-anal suture (FASW) to anal seam length (AnSL) were 2.95–5.89 (3.78 ± 0.54) in males and 2.65-4.13 (3.23 ± 0.40) in females. The ratio of TL2 to TL1 and TL1 to RBrL are found to be the fast and simple grouping index to determine sex of the specimens

Quasi-Analytical Solutions of DKP Equation under the Deng-Fan Interaction

Quasianalytical solutions of Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation under scalar and vector Deng-Fan potentials are reported via a novel ansatz

Factors associated with control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Iran

Backround. Diabetes is an important public health problem, one of four priority noncommunicable diseases targeted for action by world leaders. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting diabetes control in patients with type 2 diabetes in the rural areas of northern Iran. Methods. This study was conducted following a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study design based on the data of 308 patients with type 2 diabetes in the rural areas of Golestan province. The samples were selected through two-stage stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire (completed by the interviewer) and by measuring the blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile of patients and also using data from patients’ records. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics and SPSS version 19. Results. The mean age of patients was 57 ± 15 years and 220 patients (71%) were female. Fifty-five percent of patients had a family history of diabetes and 69% had comorbidity. The mean vegetable intake in patients was 3 days a week with 1.5 servings per day and only 20% had exercise at least three times a week. The proportion of patients with adequately controlled glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c), blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were 27, 91, 31, 41 and 55.5%, respectively. There was also a significant relationship between the controlled blood glucose with increasing age, absence of comorbidity, the number of nutrition counseling, and lowering blood triglycerides. Conclusion. The results of this study showed poor blood glucose control in the studied geography. Therefore, considering these data, it seems necessary to review the national plan for the prevention and control of diabetes

The Relativistic Transmission and Reflection Coefficients for Woods-Saxon Potential

The relativistic problem of spin-1/2 particles subject to the Woods-Saxon potential is investigated by using the functional analysis method. We obtain scattering and bound state solutions of the one-dimensional Dirac equation with the Woods-Saxon potential in terms of the Jacobi polynomials. We also calculated the transmission and reflection coefficients by using behavior of the wave functions at infinity

Relativistic Scattering States of the Hellmann Potential

In this letter, the scattering state solutions of the Dirac equation for spin and pseudospin symmetries are obtained for the Hellmann potential. The normalized wave functions and scattering phase shifts are calculated for both spin and pseudospin symmetries. Scattering properties for Coulomb-like and Yukawa-like potentials are also studied as limiting cases

Study of decay properties of D and D

We present a theoretical approach to obtain the decay properties of D and Ds mesons. As the Cornell potential includes confinement because of the linear potential, and it also includes the single-gluon exchange potential, which is the Coulomb potential, we have considered this potential for the study of mesonic systems. The two-parameter variational method has been applied to investigate the masses and the decay properties of mesons. It has been observed that the predictions of the masses and decay widths are consistent with other model predictions as well as with the known experimental values

Study of B and B

In this paper, we have studied the B and Bs mesons spectra and their decays within the framework of nonrelativistic potential model. We have considered a new potential model for the interaction of mesonic systems, the Coulomb plus exponential type potential. We have applied the perturbation approach and reported the total wave function. We have used the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) technique to calculate the parent wave function and thereby obtained a series solution for the perturbative wave function. Besides the decay constant and leptonic decay width, we have considered the semileptonic decay width which is related to the Isgur-Wise function. The obtained results are compared with the available experimental and theoretical data