Plasma S100A12 Levels and Peripheral Arterial Disease in End-Stage Renal Disease

Background: S100A12 is an endogenous ligand of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Plasma S100A12 levels are high in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common in HD patients and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates in this population. To date, however, no study has specifically assessed the relationship between plasma S100A12 and PAD in HD patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 152 HD patients in our affiliated hospital. We investigated PAD history and patient characteristics and quantified plasma S100A12 levels in all participants. Results: HD patients with PAD (n = 26; 21.9 [13.6–33.4] ng/ml) showed significantly higher plasma S100A12 levels than HD patients without PAD (n = 126; 11.8 [7.5–17.6]ng/ml; p Conclusion: These results suggest that plasma S100A12 levels are strongly associated with PAD prevalence in ESRD patients undergoing HD

Characteristics of patients at baseline.

<p>Data are expressed as mean (SD) or percent of patients. UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; GFR, glomerular filtration rate;</p><p>* <i>P</i> < 0.05 vs men</p><p>Characteristics of patients at baseline.</p

Simple correlation and multivariate regression analyses on change in urinary albumin-creatinine ratio.

<p>RAS, rennin-angiotensin system; Model 1 is adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin and hemoglobin A1c. Model 2 includes all variables in Model 1 plus total cholesterol, logarithm of triglycerides, uric acid, creatinine, smoking status, the use of rennin-angiotensin system inhibitors and the use of statin. Smoking status was defined as nonsmoker (= 0), previous smoker (= 1), or current smoker (= 2), and the use of rennin-angiotensin system inhibitors or statin was defined as without (= 0) or with (= 1).</p><p>Simple correlation and multivariate regression analyses on change in urinary albumin-creatinine ratio.</p

Correlation between hemoglobin and other variables at baseline.

<p>UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio</p><p>Correlation between hemoglobin and other variables at baseline.</p

Unadjusted odds ratios and multivariate adjusted odd ratios for development of albuminuria.

<p>Model 1 is adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio at baseline and the use of rennin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Model 2 includes all variables in Model 1 plus body mass index, total cholesterol, logarithm of triglycerides, uric acid, creatinine, smoking status, and the use of statin. Smoking status was defined as nonsmoker (= 0), previous smoker (= 1), or current smoker (= 2), and the use of rennin-angiotensin system inhibitors or statin was defined as without (= 0) or with (= 1).</p><p>Unadjusted odds ratios and multivariate adjusted odd ratios for development of albuminuria.</p