ダイ4ジ ナンキョク チイキ カンソクタイ エットウタイ キショウ ブモン ホウコク

1961年1月に,第3次越冬隊の気象部門の作業は,第4次越冬隊に引き継がれた.初めてレーウィンゾンデの器械が基地に運ばれ,その設置,調整に約1か月半を要し,3月1日より高層観測が始まり,12月末までに153回観測が行なわれた.過去3回の越冬における地上の月平均気温の最低は,いずれも9月に現われており,春から夏にかけて気温の急上昇を示している.これは成層圏の上層になるに従っても著しい.月平均値による年の振幅は,成層圏の50mbで45℃,地上で25℃に達した.一方対流圏では,各層とも振幅は小であって,10℃位であった.この成層圏の昇温は,上層から次第に下層に及んでいるのがみうけられた.月平均値から計算された昇温率は一般に上層程大きく,100mbで10～11月間に0.5℃/Day,50mbで9～10月間に0.6℃/Dayに達した.気球の破裂高度は冬期に著しく低くなる.この原因として,a)オゾン,酸素の酸化によるゴムの劣化,b)-30℃以下でゴムの張力の喪失,が考えられている.昭和基地においては,気球が-75℃の高度より昇ることは少なかった.これらのことから,ゴムが直接大気に触れないような考慮が払われたら,破裂高度はもっと高くなると思われる.第3次隊の経験では,ゴムを軽油につけて油の膜を作り,飛ばしたが,結果は良かったことが判明した

ダイ4ジ ナンキョク チイキ カンソクタイ エットウタイ ノ チョウサ リョコウ ニオケル キショウ カンソク ニツイテ

Climatological observations were made by the field party of the wintering party of JARE IV in survey trips en route, in 1960. The trips in which the surface observations were carried out are as follows (Names parenthesized are observers.): April 15-May 9: The first Shirase Glacier reconnaissance survey trip (Y. YOSHIDA), May 17-May 25: The Honnorbrygga Glacier survey trip (Y. YOSHIDA), Aug. 16-Aug. 23: The sea ice survey trip (Y. YOSHIDA), Sept. 12-Sept. 29: The reconnaissance traverse to inland (Y. MURAISHI), Sept. 23-Sept. 29: The second Shirase Glacier survey trip (N. MURAKOSHI), Nov. 1-Dec. 15: The Yamato Mountains traverse (Y. YOSHIDA). The data obtained and some comments on climatic conditions around Lutzow-Holm Bay are given here. The surface observations including air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind velocity, wind direction, cloudiness and weather were made ordinarily twice a day, and remarkable meteorological phenomena were recorded. On the basis of these results the following are concluded tentatively: i) The inland in the distance of 200km south of Syowa Base seems to be often involved in cyclonic circulations. At the end of November a snowfall supposedly caused by a cyclone which passed over the edge of a pack ice region off Lutzow-Holm Bay was observed in the Yamato Mountains 300 km south of the Base. This is deduced from the weather condition and the changes of the atmospheric pressure (Fig. 4) compared with Syowa Base at the same period. ii) Climatic conditions, especially the wind direction and velocity, are greatly controlled by the landforms of the regions. On the sea ice in the vicinity of the east coast of Lutzow-Holm Bay, the wind velocity decreases in proportion to increase in the distance from the coast, whereas snow depth becomes greater. The greater snow depth off the coast is implied by a number of icebergs with round tops, found at the center of Lutzow-Holm Bay. They are found in succession on the extension line of the Shirase Glacier. They have the shape of a gentle dome due to thick snow cover, but the plane figure of each iceberg is rather angular, indicating that these icebergs with round tops are apparently derived from the floating tongue of the Shirase Glacier. iii) The prevailing winds are easterlies on inland ice and change from ENE in the northern part of the surveyed region to ESE in the southern part. The fluctuations of wind direction must be small all the year round. iv) On inland ice, the diurnal variation of wind velocity was observed, which is a characteristic of katabatic wind. The pattern of the diurnal variation seems to vary from season to season

Non-Surgical Management of Bile Leakage After Hepatectomy: A Single-Center Study

【Background】 Bile leakage after hepatectomy is a common complication. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the usefulness of non-surgical management of bile leakage after hepatectomy, using 12-year data from a single center study. 【Methods】 Data from 15 patients (13 men, two women; mean age 67.1 ± 7.0 years) who had undergone nonsurgical management for bile leakage between January 2005 and November 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. 【Results】 We categorized bile leakage as central (n = 5) or peripheral (n = 10) leakage based on communication with the biliary tree. Percutaneous bile leakage drainage and/or endoscopic naso-biliary drainage (ENBD) (n = 2) or the rendezvous technique (n = 3) was successfully performed in five central-type cases, while all peripheral-type cases were treated with drainage alone; only one case required additional ethanol ablation. Bacterial bile cultures were positive in 11 cases and negative in four cases. The drainage catheters were removed after complete resolution in 13 cases (86.7%), while two patients with cases of peripheral-type leakage died due to cancer progression while the drain was in place. No case needed conversion to reoperation. The mean duration of drainage therapy in all cases was 210.1 ± 163.0 days (range 17?531 days), with 316.8 ± 180.8 days in the central type and 156.7 ± 131.5 days in the peripheral type; this duration was not significantly different (P = 0.129). 【Conclusion】 Non-surgical treatment is a minimally　invasive and effective management strategy for postoperative bile leakage and the modality used depends on the type of bile leakage encountered

Compressed Amplatzer Vascular Plug II Embolization of the Left Subclavian Artery for Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair is Efficient and Safety Method Comparable to Conventional Coil Embolization

[Background] Left subclavian artery (LSA) embolization is occasionally required to prevent type II endoleak in the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedure. This is a retrospective study comparing compressed Amplatzer Vascular Plug II embolization (CAE) and conventional coil embolization (CCE) in preventing retrograde flow into the aneurysmal sac through the LSA after TEVAR. [Methods] We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent CAE or CCE of the LSA during TEVAR from June 2013 to March 2016 in our hospital. The efficacy, safety and cost of each method were compared between two groups. [Results] Thirty patients underwent LSA embolization during TEVAR. Six CCEs in 6 patients were performed from June 2013 to November 2013, while twenty-four CAEs in 24 patients were performed from December 2013 to March 2016. Technical success was achieved in all patients in both groups. No embolization-related complications or type II endoleaks from LSA were recorded during the follow-up period in all patients. In both groups, all embolic materials were detected in the proximal portion of the LSA from the LSA orifice to the vertebral artery origin and no vertebral artery occlusions were detected. The mean compression ratio of AVP II was 58 ± 5.9% of predicted length of standard procedure. In the CAE group, one AVP II was sufficient to achieve complete LSA occlusion in all patients. On the other hand, multiple coils (10.2 ± 2.7) were used in the CCE group (P < .01), resulting in a significantly lower cost incurred in the CAE group (CAE: 129,000 JPY vs. CCE: 639,600 ± 140,060 JPY; P < .01). [Conclusion] The CAE is a useful and cost-effective procedure for TEVAR-related LSA embolization

Pim-2 in myeloma cells

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and osteoclasts (OCs) confer multiple myeloma (MM) cell survival through elaborating factors. We demonstrate herein that IL-6 and TNF family cytokines, TNFα, BAFF and APRIL, but not IGF-1 cooperatively enhance the expression of the serine/threonine kinase Pim-2 in MM cells. BMSCs and OCs upregulate Pim-2 expression in MM cells largely via the IL-6/STAT3 and NF-ｋB pathway, respectively. Pim-2 short interfering RNA reduces MM cell viability in cocultures with BMSCs or OCs. Thus, upregulation of Pim-2 appears to be a novel anti-apoptotic mechanism for MM cell survival. Interestingly, the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor rapamycin further suppresses the MM cell viability in combination with the Pim-2 silencing. The Pim inhibitor (Z)-5-(4-propoxybenzylidene) thiazolidine-2, 4-dione and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 cooperatively enhance MM cell death. The Pim inhibitor suppresses 4E-BP1 phosphorylation along with the reduction of Mcl-1 and c-Myc. Pim-2 may therefore become a new target for MM treatment

Role of host genetics in fibrosis

Fibrosis can occur in tissues in response to a variety of stimuli. Following tissue injury, cells undergo transformation or activation from a quiescent to an activated state resulting in tissue remodelling. The fibrogenic process creates a tissue environment that allows inflammatory and matrix-producing cells to invade and proliferate. While this process is important for normal wound healing, chronicity can lead to impaired tissue structure and function

Meteorological Observation at Syowa Base during the 4th Wintering

1961年1月に,第3次越冬隊の気象部門の作業は,第4次越冬隊に引き継がれた.初めてレーウィンゾンデの器械が基地に運ばれ,その設置,調整に約1か月半を要し,3月1日より高層観測が始まり,12月末までに153回観測が行なわれた.過去3回の越冬における地上の月平均気温の最低は,いずれも9月に現われており,春から夏にかけて気温の急上昇を示している.これは成層圏の上層になるに従っても著しい.月平均値による年の振幅は,成層圏の50mbで45℃,地上で25℃に達した.一方対流圏では,各層とも振幅は小であって,10℃位であった.この成層圏の昇温は,上層から次第に下層に及んでいるのがみうけられた.月平均値から計算された昇温率は一般に上層程大きく,100mbで10～11月間に0.5℃/Day,50mbで9～10月間に0.6℃/Dayに達した.気球の破裂高度は冬期に著しく低くなる.この原因として,a)オゾン,酸素の酸化によるゴムの劣化,b)-30℃以下でゴムの張力の喪失,が考えられている.昭和基地においては,気球が-75℃の高度より昇ることは少なかった.これらのことから,ゴムが直接大気に触れないような考慮が払われたら,破裂高度はもっと高くなると思われる.第3次隊の経験では,ゴムを軽油につけて油の膜を作り,飛ばしたが,結果は良かったことが判明した

ON THE CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN SURVEY TRIPS OF THE WINTERING PARTY JARE IV, 1960

Climatological observations were made by the field party of the wintering party of JARE IV in survey trips en route, in 1960. The trips in which the surface observations were carried out are as follows (Names parenthesized are observers.): April 15-May 9: The first Shirase Glacier reconnaissance survey trip (Y. YOSHIDA), May 17-May 25: The Honnorbrygga Glacier survey trip (Y. YOSHIDA), Aug. 16-Aug. 23: The sea ice survey trip (Y. YOSHIDA), Sept. 12-Sept. 29: The reconnaissance traverse to inland (Y. MURAISHI), Sept. 23-Sept. 29: The second Shirase Glacier survey trip (N. MURAKOSHI), Nov. 1-Dec. 15: The Yamato Mountains traverse (Y. YOSHIDA). The data obtained and some comments on climatic conditions around Lutzow-Holm Bay are given here. The surface observations including air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind velocity, wind direction, cloudiness and weather were made ordinarily twice a day, and remarkable meteorological phenomena were recorded. On the basis of these results the following are concluded tentatively: i) The inland in the distance of 200km south of Syowa Base seems to be often involved in cyclonic circulations. At the end of November a snowfall supposedly caused by a cyclone which passed over the edge of a pack ice region off Lutzow-Holm Bay was observed in the Yamato Mountains 300 km south of the Base. This is deduced from the weather condition and the changes of the atmospheric pressure (Fig. 4) compared with Syowa Base at the same period. ii) Climatic conditions, especially the wind direction and velocity, are greatly controlled by the landforms of the regions. On the sea ice in the vicinity of the east coast of Lutzow-Holm Bay, the wind velocity decreases in proportion to increase in the distance from the coast, whereas snow depth becomes greater. The greater snow depth off the coast is implied by a number of icebergs with round tops, found at the center of Lutzow-Holm Bay. They are found in succession on the extension line of the Shirase Glacier. They have the shape of a gentle dome due to thick snow cover, but the plane figure of each iceberg is rather angular, indicating that these icebergs with round tops are apparently derived from the floating tongue of the Shirase Glacier. iii) The prevailing winds are easterlies on inland ice and change from ENE in the northern part of the surveyed region to ESE in the southern part. The fluctuations of wind direction must be small all the year round. iv) On inland ice, the diurnal variation of wind velocity was observed, which is a characteristic of katabatic wind. The pattern of the diurnal variation seems to vary from season to season

Is glue embolization safe and effective for gastrointestinal bleeding?

Transcatheter arterial embolization using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for gastrointestinal arterial bleeding enables higher cessation rate and lower recurrent bleeding rate compared with conventional embolic materials including gelatin sponge, metallic coil, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particle. Glue embolization is particularly effective in patients with coagulopathy. Even in the lower gastrointestinal tract, ischemic bowel complications by glue embolization are comparable to other agents. Glue embolization is also effective for arterial esophageal bleeding without any serious ischemic complications although the anatomy of the esophageal artery is complex and varied. For bleeding after abdominal surgery such as pancreaticoduodenectomy or hepatic lobectomy, interventional radiologists should be careful with indicating glue embolization because the presence of fewer collateral vessels can easily result in serious ischemic complications. Modified glue such as Glubran 2 (NBCA associated with methacryloxyfulfolane) can reduce the risk of ischemic complication due to its less thermal reaction, but the outcomes seem unsatisfactory