Alignment of <i>A. locustae, T. hominis</i>, <i>S. guttatum</i> and <i>T. brucei</i> AOX sequences.

<p>The four-helix bundles are underlined with a solid line. The putative quinone binding site is underlined with a broken line. Conserved amino acid sites are marked with a star and semi conserved sites are marked with dots.</p

Rates of oxidation of 150 µM ubiquinol-1 by these membrane fractions.

<p>Rates of oxidation of 150 µM ubiquinol-1 by these membrane fractions.</p

Western blots of the membrane preparations from C41 <i>E. coli</i> strains expressing microsporidian AOX proteins.

<p>Lane 1 shows <i>A. locustae</i> rAOX and Lane 2 shows <i>T. hominis</i> rAOX. Lane 3 shows purified alternative oxidase protein from <i>Sauromatum guttatum</i>.</p

Hypothetical scheme of function of the alternative oxidase in the microsporidian cell.

<p>Microsporidian cells are known to contain glycolytic enzymes, though no obvious mechanism exists for reoxidising NADH to NAD+. The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is encoded in many microsporidian genomes. If this shuttle is coupled to an alternative oxidase protein in the mitosome, it could potentially represent a mechanism for regenerating NAD+.</p

Phylogenetic analyses of microsporidian AOX sequences.

<p><b>A.</b> Global MrBayes AOX phylogeny, posterior probabilities and PhyML bootstraps from an analysis of 500 bootstrapped datasets are shown above and below respectively, key and well supported clades (>70% Bootstrap). <b>B.</b> Short alignment PhyML phylogeny including the translated amplified sequences from all four microsporidia. Bootstrap support from 100 datasets is shown next to microporidian nodes. <b>C.</b> Microsporidian distribution of the alternative oxidase gene plotted onto a phylogeny of microsporidian SSU rDNA sequences. Scale bars in all trees indicate substitutions per site.</p

MOESM3 of Differences in amino acid frequency in CagA and VacA sequences of Helicobacter pylori distinguish gastric cancer from gastric MALT lymphoma

Additional file 3: Figure S2. Phylogenetic tree of only 18 GC and 12 MALT strains. The star-like topology of this tree implies that these strains are genetically homogenous, and that their population has no clear structure (NJ-tree; Kimura-2 parameters; MEGA v. 6.0)

MOESM1 of Differences in amino acid frequency in CagA and VacA sequences of Helicobacter pylori distinguish gastric cancer from gastric MALT lymphoma

Additional file 1: Table S1. Accession numbers of the cagA and vacA gene sequences