Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Mn4N films on MgO(001) and SrTiO3(001) substrates

We grew Mn4N epitaxial thin films capped with Au layers on MgO(001) and SrTiO3(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) was confirmed in all the samples at room temperature from the magnetization versus magnetic field curves using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. From the ω-2θ x-ray diffraction (XRD) and ϕ-2θ χ XRD patterns, the ratios of perpendicular lattice constant c to in-plane lattice constant a, c/a, were found to be about 0.99 for all the samples. These results imply that PMA is attributed to the in-plane tensile strain in the Mn4N films

黄土高原生態文化恢復的理念與実践

社會和環境是極為複雜的系統。因此，與這些複雜系統緊密相關的環境和開發項目必須具備一定的靈活性和自由度。一般認為實行大型項目或工程應事先做好嚴密的調査與計劃。但從複雜系科學的觀點看，這種「調査」→「計劃」→「實施」→「評價」的行動模式并不一定是最可行的。本文試圖從複雜系科學的觀點，對此過程提供理論依據，同時探討國際援助項目的新的實施方式。這種新方式我們稱之為「共创价値运动」。我們在中國内地的黄土高原，正在開展一系列「生態文化恢復運動」。這個活動的實行方式和活動原則是没有「固定的目的」，也没有「死的規定和計劃」。參加項目的人基本上是自願而來，在互相影響之下相對獨立活動。當然，參加者之間既没有上下之分，誰也不指揮誰，也不存在「責任」與「分擔」的概念。大家都是在自己能做到的範圍内自主地發揮作用。這一過程本身是自發性的「自組織」過程。目前在陝北黄土高原開展的具體活動有：引進糞尿無害化技術；盡量減少化肥和對人體有害的洗衣粉的使用以實現水資源和有機物的良性循環；建立「黄土高原國際民間緑色網絡」，支持當地農民自發組織起來的「廟會造林」；在一個村莊舉行了一對日本新婚夫婦的婚禮，重展陝北傳統的結婚儀式，使當地的固有文化得到了重新認識和應有的尊重。通過這些活動，我們試圖促進當地文化與生態的恢復和再生

Electronic structures and magnetic moments of Co3FeN thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

We evaluated electronic structures and magnetic moments in Co3FeN epitaxial films on SrTiO3(001). The experimentally obtained hard x-ray photoemission spectra of the Co3FeN film have a good agreement with those calculated. Site averaged spin magnetic moments deduced by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism were 1.52 μ B per Co atom and 2.08 μ B per Fe atom at 100 K. They are close to those of Co4N and Fe4N, respectively, implying that the Co and Fe atoms randomly occupy the corner and face-centered sites in the Co3FeN unit cell