59 research outputs found
Some density functions and their Fourier transforms arising from number theory (Number Theory and Probability Theory)
Irregular behaviour of class numbers and Euler-Kronecker constants of cyclotomic fields: the log log log devil at play
Kummer (1851) and, many years later, Ihara (2005) both posed conjectures on
invariants related to the cyclotomic field with a
prime. Kummer's conjecture concerns the asymptotic behaviour of the first
factor of the class number of and Ihara's the positivity
of the Euler-Kronecker constant of (the ratio of the
constant and the residue of the Laurent series of the Dedekind zeta function
at ). If certain standard conjectures in
analytic number theory hold true, then one can show that both conjectures are
true for a set of primes of natural density 1, but false in general.
Responsible for this are irregularities in the distribution of the primes. With
this survey we hope to convince the reader that the apparently dissimilar
mathematical objects studied by Kummer and Ihara actually display a very
similar behaviour.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure, survey, to appear in `Irregularities in the
Distribution of Prime Numbers - Research Inspired by Maier's Matrix Method',
Eds. J. Pintz and M. Th. Rassia
The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force
「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection
DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19
「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target
An analytic function in 3 variables related to the value-distribution of log , and the "Plancherel volume" (Functions in Number Theory and Their Probabilistic Aspects)
SHIMURA CURVES OVER FINITE FIELDS AND THEIR RATIONAL POINTS(Algebraic Number Theory and Related Topics)
On "M-functions" closely related to the distribution of L'/L-values (Proceedings of the Symposium on Algebraic Number theory and Related Topics)
The arithmetic function in 3 complex variables closely related to -functions of global fields (Analytic number theory and related topics)
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