Money in the Soviet Administrative Command Economy: A Quantitative Analysis

This paper quantitatively examined the relation between money and real economy in the Soviet economy. The institutional and historical analysis of the Soviet monetary management yielded the tasks of quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis showed that the institutional division of cash and non-cash was effective, demand for cash was not predictable, and there was no significant relation between money and real production. This result suggested that the Soviet monetary management relying on some vague money supply target could not function well and only the control on wage which was supported by the division of cash and non-cash could weakly ceil money supply. A fundamental problem of the Soviet economy seemed that a mechanism to bridge between money and real economy was lacked, while money was used. It is, therefore, difficult to regard the Soviet economic system as an complete economic system equivalent to the market economy.

Strong Gravitational Lensing and Velocity Function as Tools to Probe Cosmological Parameters: Current Constraints and Future Predictions

Constraints on cosmological models from strong gravitational lensing statistics are investigated. We pay particular attention to the role of the velocity function in the calculation of the lensing probability. The velocity function derived from the observed galaxy luminosity function, which is used in most previous work, is unable to predict the large separation lensing events. In this paper, we also use the Press-Schechter theory to construct a velocity function theoretically. Model predictions are compared with the observed velocity function and the HST snapshot survey. Comparison with the latter observation shows that the predictions based on the theoretical velocity function are consistent with the observed large separation events in COBE normalized low-density models, especially with a non-vanishing cosmological constant. Adopting the COBE normalization, however, we could find no model which simultaneously satisfies both the observed velocity function and the HST snapshot survey. We systematically investigate various uncertainties in the gravitational lensing statistics including finite core radius, the distance formula, magnification bias, and dust obscuration. The results are very sensitive to these effects as well as theoretical models for the velocity function, implying that current limits on the cosmological parameters should be interpreted with caution. Predictions for future surveys are also presented.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, ptptex. Progress of Theoretical Physics, in pres

A Theory of Finite Topology and Image Processing

Article信州大学工学部紀要 69: 11-24 (1991)departmental bulletin pape

An Algorithm for Solving Alive Situation Puzzles in GO Game

Article信州大学工学部紀要 65: 17-24 (1989)departmental bulletin pape

A Neural Correlate of Predicted and Actual Reward-Value Information in Monkey Pedunculopontine Tegmental and Dorsal Raphe Nucleus during Saccade Tasks

Dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin, the main modulators of the central nervous system, have been proposed to play important roles in the execution of movement, control of several forms of attentional behavior, and reinforcement learning. While the response pattern of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and its specific role in reinforcement learning have been revealed, the role of the other neuromodulators remains rather elusive. Here, we review our recent studies using extracellular recording from neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, where many cholinergic neurons exist, and the dorsal raphe nucleus, where many serotonergic neurons exist, while monkeys performed eye movement tasks to obtain different reward values. The firing patterns of these neurons are often tonic throughout the task period, while dopaminergic neurons exhibited a phasic activity pattern to the task event. The different modulation patterns, together with the activity of dopaminergic neurons, reveal dynamic information processing between these different neuromodulator systems

A Self-Supporting Quadruped Walking-Robot

Article信州大学工学部紀要 63: 19-28 (1988)departmental bulletin pape

Modeling of single pole write head and double-layered medium for 3-D eddy current analysis

Finite-element modeling of single pole (SPT) write head with double-layered medium for perpendicular magnetic recording is investigated. In carrying out 3-D eddy current transient finite-element analysis, reducing the medium area is one key factor for computation time reduction while maintaining sufficient solution accuracy. It is also investigated the number of layer divisions for thin metallic under-layer. The results validate the modeling of SPT head with double-layerd medium