On Constructing Constrained Tree Automata Recognizing Ground Instances of Constrained Terms

An inductive theorem proving method for constrained term rewriting systems, which is based on rewriting induction, needs a decision procedure for reduction-completeness of constrained terms. In addition, the sufficient complete property of constrained term rewriting systems enables us to relax the side conditions of some inference rules in the proving method. These two properties can be reduced to intersection emptiness problems related to sets of ground instances for constrained terms. This paper proposes a method to construct deterministic, complete, and constraint-complete constrained tree automata recognizing ground instances of constrained terms.Comment: In Proceedings TTATT 2013, arXiv:1311.505

A novel replication-independent histone H2a gene in mouse

BACKGROUND: An uncharacterized histone H2a-coding transcript (E130307C13) has been cloned from a mouse full-length cDNA library. This transcript is encoded on chromosome 6, approximately 4 kb upstream of a histone H4 gene, Hist4h4. The proteins encoded by this transcript and the human H2afj mRNA isoform-2 have the highest amino acid similarity. In this paper, we characterize it from the expression pattern given by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Quantitative RT-PCR indicated that the gene that encodes E130307C13 (E130307C13) is regulated in a replication-independent manner, and therefore it is H2afj. Certainly, H2afj transcript lacks a stem-loop structure at the 3'-UTR but contains a poly (A) signal. In addition, its promoter region has a different structure from those of the replication-dependent histone H2a genes. CONCLUSION: The bioinformatics imply that E130307C13 is a replication-independent H2a gene. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR analysis shows that it is replication-independent. Thus, it is H2afj, a novel replication-independent H2a gene in mouse

Naturally occurring antisense RNA of histone H2a in mouse cultured cell lines

BACKGROUND: An antisense transcript of histone H2a that has no significant protein-coding region has been cloned from a mouse full-length cDNA library. In the present study, we evaluated this transcript by using RT-PCR and compared the expression patterns of the sense and antisense transcripts by using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: This antisense RNA was expressed in three mouse cell lines. We call it ASH2a. ASH2a includes not only the complementary sequence of the transcript of Hist2h2aa2 (a replication-dependent histone H2a gene), but also that of the promoter of Hist2h2aa2. The upstream genomic sequence of the transcription start site of the ASH2a-coding gene (ASH2a) lacks both CCAAT and TATA boxes. This absence suggests that the regulation of ASH2a is different from that of the replication-dependent histone H2a genes. Findings from qRT-PCR indicated that the expression pattern of ASH2a was different from that of Hist2h2aa2. Expression of Hist2h2aa2 peaked at 2 to 4 h during S-phase, but that of ASH2a peaked at 1 h. CONCLUSION: We showed the existence of ASH2a, a histone H2a antisense RNA, in mouse cultured cells. The expression pattern of ASH2a is different from that of the sense RNA

Negative Resistance in Semiconductors (InSb)

We extend the theory of double injection in insulators, derived by Lampert, so as to adapt it to the case of extrinsic semiconductors. This new treatment is shown to agree reasonably well with our experimentally observed features for n⁺p-InSb diodes at low temperature (77°K). Three outstanding features are revealed by the present analysis : (1) The relation of Vᴍ=(1/β)·VᴛH pointed out by Lampert is available only in the case that the recombination density NR is much larger than the free carrier density P₀ (or N₀), i.e., NR>l0⁵·P₀, where Vᴍ and VᴛH are the minimum and maximum voltages respectively, β is the capture rate for electrons and holes. (2) The greater the capture rate β is, the greater the region of the negative resistance becomes. In semiconductors, however, the magnitude of the region is vigorously depedent on a modified recombination density R=NR/P₀ (or NR/N₀). (3) The value of the mobility ratio b=μₙ/μₚ is concerned with a rise in the semicoductor region, and the relation of J∝V² is satisfactory, if b<lO. In the material with high mobility as a case of InSb, however, the current rises steeply in proportion to the several powers of the voltage, e.g. J∝ V⁴, when b=50. As above mentioned, we can sufficiently explain the behavior of double injection in semiconductors or insulators by this treatment

気管支喘息における気管支肺胞洗浄液中の細胞成分に対する加齢および副腎皮質ホルモンの影響

Effects of aging and glucocorticoid therapy on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, particularly lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, were examined in 81 patients with asthma. 1. The proportion of BAL lymphocytes tended to increase with aging in asthmatics under age 69 years, and the proportion was significantly higher in patients with asthma between the ages of 60 and 69 than in those under age 39 and between the ages of 40 and 49. 2. The proportions of BAL neutrophils and eosinophils were not related to aging. 3. The proportion of BAL lymphocytes was higher in patients without glucocorticoid therapy than in those with steroid-dependent intractable asthma (SOIA) in those under age 69 years. In patients between the ages of 50 and 59, the proportion of BAL lymphocytes was significantly higher in patients without glucocorticoids than in those with SOIA. 4. The proportion of BAL neutrophils was higher in patients without glucocorticoid therapy than in those with SOIA, and the difference was significant in patients between the ages of 60 and 69. 5. The proportion of BAL eosinophils was not related to glucocorticoid therapy. These results suggest that the proportion of BAL lymphocytes and neutrophils is affected by aging and glucocorticoid therapy, but not BAL eosinophils.気管支喘息81例を対象に,気管支肺胞洗浄(BAL)液中の細胞成分,特にリンパ球,好中球および好酸球に対する加齢および副腎皮質ホルモ ンの影響について検討を加えた｡ 1.BAL液中のリンパ球頻度は,69才以下の症例では加齢とともに増加する傾向を示し,60-69才の年齢層では,39才以下および40-49才の年齢層の症例に比べ有意に高い値を示した｡　 2.BAL液中の好中球および好酸球頻度と加齢との間には関連が見られなかった｡　 3.BAL液中のリンパ球頻度は,69才以下の症例では,ステロイド依存性重症難治性喘息(SDIA)に比べ,ステロイド非使用例で有意に高い値を示し,50-59才の年齢層ではその差は有意であった｡　 4.BAL液中好中球頻度は,ステロイド非使用例に比べSDIA症例において高い値を示し,60-69才の年齢層ではその差は有意であった｡　 5.BAL液中好酸球頻度は,ステロイド使用の有無との関連は見られなかった｡これらの結果は,BAL液中リンパ球および好中球頻度は加齢や副腎皮質ホルモン投与の影響を受けるが,BAL液中好酸球額度には影響しないことを示唆している

Comparative analysis of expression of histone H2a genes in mouse

BACKGROUND: At least 18 replication-dependent histone H2a genes are distributed in 3 Hist gene clusters on different chromosomes of the mouse genome. In this analysis we designed specific PCR primers for each histone H2a transcript and studied the expression levels and patterns using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, we compared histone H3 K9 acetylation levels in the promoter regions of H2a genes by ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) – quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis indicated that all 20 histone H2a genes assessed in this study are expressed. The replication-dependent histone H2a genes have different expression levels but similar expression patterns. Among the 20 histone H2a genes, the expression-level of H2afz, a replication-independent gene, was highest, and that of Hist1h2aa, a replication-dependent gene, was lowest. Among 18 replication-dependent H2a genes, the expression level of Hist3h2a was highest. The ChIP-qPCR analysis showed that histone H3 K9 acetylation levels in promoter regions of both H2afz and Hist3h2a are clearly higher than that in the promoter region of Hist1h2aa. The H3 K9 acetylation level in the promoter of Hist1h2aa is similar to that in the γ-satellite region. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that histone H3 K9 acetylation plays a role in the expression of histone genes

Enhanced Performance of Sn4P3 Electrode Cycled in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte at Intermediate Temperature as Na‐Ion Battery Anode

Charge-discharge performances of Sn4P3 anodes for Na‐ion battery were evaluated in an ionic liquid electrolyte using N‐methyl‐N‐propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide at intermediate temperatures of 60 and 90 oC. At these temperatures, the anode showed extra capacities based on the full sodiation of Sn in a potential range below 0.2 V vs. Na+/Na because its slow kinetics was improved by elevating operation temperature. Under the current density of 0.1 A g-1 (0.08 C), the Sn4P3 anode at 60 oC exhibited a large capacity of 750 mA h g-1 at the 120th cycle and high Coulombic efficiencies above 99% after the 5th cycle. On the other hand, the efficiency degraded at 90 oC by the electrolyte decomposition. At 60 oC, the anode attained an excellent rate performance with capacity of 250 mA h g-1 even at 3 A g-1 (2.65 C). These results demonstrated the promising operation at intermediate temperature at around 60 oC for Sn4P3 anode in ionic liquid electrolyte

Electrochemical performance of Sn4P3 negative electrode for Na-ion batteries in ether-substituted ionic liquid electrolyte

We have previously disclosed that the ionic-liquid electrolyte sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (NaFSA)/1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (Py13-FSA) can significantly improve the cycling stability of Sn4P3 negative electrodes for Na-ion batteries (NIBs). However, the strong electrostatic interaction between Na+ and FSA− in the electrolyte leads to high viscosity and low conductivity. In this study, we have tried to improve the conductivity of the electrolyte and enhance the rate capability of the Sn4P3 electrode by introducing an ether group in the side-chain of the ionic liquid cation to reduce said electrostatic interaction. Ether-substituted ionic liquid 1-methoxymethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (PyMOM)-FSA showed higher conductivity than Py13-FSA and the Sn4P3 electrode exhibited a higher rate capability. The differential capacity vs. potential plots suggest that the reaction between Na+ and Sn or P is promoted in the ether-substituted ionic liquid electrolyte. These results demonstrate that introduction of an ether moiety is an effective approach to improve the rate capability of the Sn4P3 electrode in NIBs

The generation of leukobienes B4 (LTB4) and C4 (LTC4) and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma and spa therapy

Changes in the generation of leukotrienes B4 (LTB4) and C4 (LTC4) by leucocytes after spa therapy were examined in 30 patients with asthma. 1. The efficacy of spa therapy was marked in 8 (26.7%), and moderate in 16 (53.3%) of 30 patients with asthma, and slight or no efficacy of the therapy was observed in the residual 6 patients (20.0%). 2. Bronchial reactivity to methacholine was the highest in patients with slight or no efficacy of spa therapy, however. there were no significant differences among the three groups classified by clinical efficacy. 3. The generation of LTC4 was significantly higher in patients with slight or no efficacy compared with the generation in those with marked (p<O. 01) and moderate efficacy (p<O. 001). However, there were no signifcant differences in the generation of LTB4 among them. 4. The generation of LTC4 signifcantly decreased in patients with marked and moderate efficacy after spa therapy. but not in those with slight or no efficacy. The generation of LTB4 was not significantly different before and after spa therapy among patients with marked, moderate, and slight or no efficacy. These results show that the efficacy of spa therapy for patients with asthma is closely related to the generation of LTC4 by leucocytes.気管支喘息30例を対象に,温泉療法によるロイコトリエンB4 (LTB4),C4 (LTC4)産生の変動および気道過敏性と臨床効果との関連について検討を加えた｡　 1.温泉療法の臨床効果は,著効8例(26.7%),有効16例(53.3%),やや有 効あるいは無効6例(20.0%)であった｡　 2.メサコリンに対する気道過敏性は,やや有効あるいは無効例で高い傾向が見られたが,著効,有効例と比べ有意の差は見られなかった。 3.LTC4産生はやや有効あるいは無効例において著効例(P<0.01)や有効例(P<0.001)に比べ有意に高い値が示された｡しかし,LTB4産生では臨床効果との関連は見られなかった｡　 4.著効例および有効例では,温泉療法後にLTB4産生の有意の低下 傾向が見られたが,無効例では有意の変動は見られなかった.また,LTB4産生に関しては温泉療法の臨床効果にかかわらず有意の変動は見られなかった｡これらの結果より,気管支喘息に対する温泉療法の臨床効果は,LTC4産生とある程度関連していることを示唆しているものと考えられる

Airflow, the volume and transfer factor of lungs in elderly asthmatics with long-term cigarette smoking

The influence of cigarette smoke on pulmonary function, airflow, lung volume, and transfer factor in patients with asthma was examined in 40 subjects over the age of 70 years (20 ever-smokers and 20 never-smokers), and 20 patients with pulmonary emphysema over age 70 (all ex-smokers). The ventilatory parameters showing airflow limitation (% FEV(1) and FEV(1)%) were not significantly different between ever-smokers and never-smokers of elderly asthmatics. In contrast, % FEV(1) and FEV(1) % values were significantly lower in patients with pulmonary emphysema than in those with asthma with or without a history of smoking. The % RV value was significantly larger and % DLco value was significantly more decreased in ever-smokers compared with neversmokers of the elderly asthmatics. However, there were no significant differences in % RV and % DLco values between asthmatics with a history of smoking and patients with pulmonary emphysema. The results show that cigarette smoke inflluences % RV and % DLco, but not % FEV(1) and FEV(1) %, suggesting airflow limitation of large and moderate size airways.高齢者気管支喘息40例(20年以上の喫煙者20例,非喫煙者20例)および肺気腫(全症例喫煙者)20例を対象に,長期間喫煙の肺機能,airflow,lung volume およびlung transfer factor,に及ぼす影響について検討した｡まずFVC値は,喘息の喫煙例,非喫煙例,および肺気腫症例の間に有意の差は見られなかった｡% FEV(1)およびFEV(1)/FVC値は,喫煙例,非喫煙例いずれの喘息症例も肺気腫と比 べ有意に高い値を示したが,喘息の喫煙例と非喫煙例の間には有意差は見られなかった｡一方,% RVおよびDLco値は,喘息の非喫煙例に比べ,喫煙例および肺気腫症例で有意に低い値を示した｡ これらの結果は,長期間の喫煙は% FEV(1)やFEV(1)/FVCにはあまり影響しないこと, しかし,% RVや% DLcOにはかなり影響することを示している