BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPIKE MOTION FOR WORLD-CLASS MALE VOLLEYBAL PLAYERS

The front spike is the most frequently used technique to obtain a point in volleyball, but there is little specific information on the spike motion for elite players during games. That warrants understanding of the mechanism of this motion and an evidencebased coaching. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the spike motions of world-class male volleyball players who participated in the Men’s World Championship 2006

トルコの湖底柱状堆積物における、古気候変動の指標物質 : 高分子脂肪酸の変化

A 5 m sediment core taken from Lake Kestel in southwestern Anatolia, Turkey, was analyzed for high molecular saturated fatty acids (≧C20 FAs) as a paleoclimatic indicator.In the present paper, we discussed the correlation between the fluctuations in ≧C20 FA concentrations and precipitation in Anatolia over the last 2,000 years based on previous pollen records. The discussion led to the following conclusion:1) The amounts of precipitation about 1,800 to 1,300 years ago were extremely low leading to very dry climatic conditions.2) From 1,300 to 600 years ago, the precipitation increased gradually to a level similar to that of the present with some fluctuations into very low precipitation. From about 600 years ago to the recent past, a wet climate had prevailed.3) From 200 to 40 years ago, the precipitation temporarily increased to about 1.5 times its previous level. Thereafter, it tended to decrease considerably

トルコ・ケステル湖から得られた柱状堆積物の植物性残存物と脂質の炭素１４年代

In 1992, a 5 m core was recovered from Lake Kestel, which is located on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating and stable carbon isotope (13C/12C) analysis were made on both plant remains and lipids from the core sediments.AMS radiocarbon dates of plant remains showed that the sediment was deposited at a relatively constant rate (0.21 cm/year), suggesting a record of the environmental changes during the last 2000 years. The initial radiocarbon contents (A0) in lipids were in the range of 30-90 percent modern carbon (pMC) and tend to vary inversely as 13C/12C change in lipids. Such a low content of A0 in lipids was introduced by an influx of lipids with less 14C contents from the surrounding soil. Therefore, the A0 in surrounding soil to the lake sediment in the past, possibly relating to hydrological and environmental changes such as precipitation and evaporation

Can the liver with Gilbert's syndrome be used as graft of living-related liver transplantation?

Gilbert’s syndrome is the common cause of non hemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with a prevalance of 3～7%. Gilbert’s syndrome may introduce a selection of potential liver donors from brain death patients. We present a case of living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) from a donor with Gilbert’s syndrome. A 22-year-old woman had been diagnosed as having liver cirrhosis at the age of 5. She underwent liver transplantation with the donor’s left lobe as the graft. The donor, who was the father of the patient, had been diagnosed with Gilbert’s syndrome. Although the recipient was well until 11 months after surgery, she died of subacute fulminant hepatitis 16 months after surgery. However, it was clear that the liver with Gilbert’s syndrome could be used as a graft of living-related liver transplantation for adult recipients