Rôle de la voie L-PGDS / PGD2 / DP1 dans l’OstéoArthrose

L'arthrose (OA) est la maladie dégénérative la plus fréquente (ou) et la principale cause d'incapacité physique avec un coût socioéconomique important. Les manifestations cliniques de l'arthrose peuvent inclure des douleurs, des raideurs et des mouvements articulaires réduits. Pathologiquement, l'OA se caractérise par une dégénérescence progressive du cartilage articulaire, une augmentation de l'expression des médiateurs inflammatoires et cataboliques et le remodelage osseux sous-chondral. Il a été démontré que la protéine prostaglandine D2 (PGD2) est synthétisée par différents types cellulaires et possède des propriétés pro et anti-inflammatoires, selon le récepteur activé. Plusieurs stimuli pro-inflammatoires ont été discernés et étudiés, mais par contre, les voies anti-inflammatoires restent toujours un univers inexploré. Le récepteur DP1 de la PGD2, ainsi que l’enzyme de synthèse L-PGDS, jouent des rôles importants dans l'inflammation et le métabolisme du cartilage. Cependant, leurs rôles dans la pathogenèse de l'arthrose (OA) restent inconnus. Nous avons entrepris l’étude (de quoi) d’une part, pour explorer les rôles de la L- PGDS et de DP1 dans le développement d'OA, et d’autre part pour évaluer l'efficacité d'un agoniste sélectif de DP1 et d’un virus d'AAV2 / 5 codant pour L-PGDS dans le traitement de l'OA. En premier, nos travaux par histologie ont démontré que la dégradation du cartilage est plus prononcée chez les souris Knock-out L-PGDS et DP1, comparativement au souris sauvages Wild-Type (WT). Ensuite une augmentation de l’expression des médiateurs cataboliques (ADAMTS5 et MMP-13), chez les souris L-PGDS -/- et DP1 -/- par rapport au WT a été démontré. Après, la stimulation des explants de cartilage des souris L-PGDS -/- et de DP1 -/- avec l’IL-1a, ont montré une dégradation élevée en protéoglycanes. En outre ces souris ont développer aussi des modifications osseuses sous- chondral. Enfin, nos résultats suggèrent qu’à la suite d'injection intrapéritonéale de l’agoniste spécifique de DP1, le BW245C a atténué la gravité de la dégradation du cartilage induite par une déstabilisation du ménisque médiale (DMM) et des modifications osseuses chez les souris WT. Pareillement, l'injection intra-auriculaire d'AAV2 / 5 codant pour L- PGDS a atténué aussi la dégradation du cartilage induite par DMM et l'expression de ADAMTS-5 et MMP-13 chez des souris L-PGDS -/-. En conclusion, l’ensemble de nos résultats suggèrentque le récepteur DP1 et l’enzyme L-PGDS au niveau du cartilage articulaire arthrosique joue un rôle très important. . Elle pourrait constituer une voie thérapeutique potentielle dans le traitement de l’OA et aussi dans le traitement d’autres pathologies musculo-squelettiques.Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease (or) and the leading cause of physical disability with significant socioeconomic costs. Clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis can include pain, stiffness, and reduced joint movement. Pathologically, OA is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, increased expression of inflammatory and catabolic mediators, and subchondral bone remodeling. It has been shown that prostaglandin D2 protein (PGD2) is synthesized by different cell types and has pro and anti-inflammatory properties, depending on the activated receptor. Several pro-inflammatory stimuli have been discerned and studied, but the anti- inflammatory pathways remain an unexplored universe. The DP1 receptor of PGD2, as well as the synthetic enzyme L-PGDS, play important roles in inflammation and cartilage metabolism. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) remain unknown. We undertook the study (of what) on the one hand, to explore the roles of L-PGDS and DP1 in the development of OA, and on the other hand to evaluate the efficacy of a selective agonist DP1 and an AAV2 / 5 virus encoding L-PGDS in the treatment of OA. First, our histology work demonstrated that cartilage degradation is more pronounced in L- PGDS Knock-out and DP1 mice compared to Wild-Type (WT) wild-type mice. Then an increase in the expression of catabolic mediators (ADAMTS5 and MMP-13), in L-PGDS - / - mice and DP1 - / - compared to WT was demonstrated. Subsequently, stimulation of cartilage explants with IL-α from L-PGDS - / - and DP1 - / - mice showed high degradation in proteoglycans. In addition, these mice also develop subchondral bone changes. Finally, our results suggest that following intraperitoneal injection of the DP1-specific agonist, BW245C attenuated the severity of cartilage degradation induced by medial meniscus destabilization (DMM) and bone changes in mice. WT. Similarly, the intra-atrial injection of AAV2 / 5 encoding L-PGDS also attenuated DMM-induced cartilage degradation and the expression of ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13 in L-PGDS - / - mice. In conclusion, all our results suggest that the recepteur DP1 and the L-PGDS enzyme in osteorthritis cartilage plays a very important role. It may be a potential therapeutic avenue in the treatment of OA and also in the treatment of other musculoskeletal conditions

Empowering the immune fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: gene and protein changes

Objective and design: Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are referred as a promising immunotherapeutic cell product. New approaches using empowered MSCs should be developed as for the treatment or prevention of different immunological diseases. Such preconditioning by new licensing stimuli will empower the immune fate of BM-MSCs and, therefore, promote a better and more efficient biological. Here, our main goal was to establish the immunological profile of BM-MSCs following inflammatory priming and in particular their capacity to adjust their immune-related proteome and transcriptome. Material and methods: To run this study, we have used BM-MSC cell cultures, a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail priming, flow cytometry analysis, qPCR and ELISA techniques. Results: Different expression levels of several immunological mediators such as COX-1, COX-2, LIF, HGF, Gal-1, HO-1, IL-11, IL-8, IL-6 and TGF-β were constitutively observed in BM-MSCs. Inflammation priming substantially but differentially modulated the gene and protein expression profiles of these mediators. Thus, expressions of COX-2, LIF, HGF, IL-11, IL-8 and IL-6 were highly increased/induced and those of COX-1, Gal-1, and TGF-β were reduced. Conclusions: Collectively, we demonstrated that BM-MSCs are endowed with a specific and modular regulatory machinery which is potentially involved in immunomodulation. Moreover, BM-MSCs are highly sensitive to inflammation and respond to such signal by properly adjusting their gene and protein expression of regulatory factors. Using such preconditioning may empower the immune fate of MSCs and, therefore, enhance their value for cell-based immunotherapy.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

L-PGDS deficiency accelerated the development of naturally occurring age-related osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder among the elderly. It is characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone remodeling and pain. Lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is responsible for the biosynthesis of PGD2, which has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and cartilage biology. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-PGDS deficiency on the development of naturally occurring age-related OA in mice. OA-like structural changes were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro-computed tomography. Pain related behaviours were assessed using the von Frey and the open-field assays. L-PGDS deletion promoted cartilage degradation during aging, which was associated with enhanced expression of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), and their breakdown products, C1,2C, VDIPEN and NITEG. Moreover, L-PGDS deletion enhanced subchondral bone changes, but had no effect on its angiogenesis. Additionally, L-PGDS deletion increased mechanical sensitivity and reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. Finally, we showed that the expression of L-PGDS was elevated in aged mice. Together, these findings indicate an important role for L-PGDS in naturally occurring age-related OA. They also suggest that L-PGDS may constitute a new efficient therapeutic target in OA.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

In Vitro Cellular and Molecular Interplay between Human Foreskin-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and the Th17 Cell Pathway

Foreskin, considered a biological waste material, has been shown to be a reservoir of therapeutic cells. The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from the foreskin (FSK-MSCs) are being evaluated in cell-based therapy for degenerative, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Within the injured/inflamed tissue, proinflammatory lymphocytes such as IL-17-producing T helper cells (Th17) may interact with the stromal microenvironment, including MSCs. In this context, MSCs may encounter different levels of T cells as well as specific inflammatory signals. Uncovering the cellular and molecular changes during this interplay is central for developing an efficient and safe immunotherapeutic tool. To this end, an in vitro human model of cocultures of FSK-MSCs and T cells was established. These cocultures were performed at different cell ratios in the presence of an inflammatory setting. After confirming that FSK-MSCs respond to ISCT criteria by showing a typical phenotype and multilineage potential, we evaluated by flow cytometry the expression of Th17 cell markers IL-17A, IL23 receptor and RORγt within the lymphocyte population. We also measured 15 human Th17 pathway-related cytokines. Regardless of the T cell/MSC ratio, we observed a significant increase in IL-17A expression associated with an increase in IL-23 receptor expression. Furthermore, we observed substantial modulation of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, INF-γ, sCD40, and TNF-α secretion. These findings suggest that FSK-MSCs are receptive to their environment and modulate the T cell response accordingly. The changes within the secretome of the stromal and immune environment are likely relevant for the therapeutic effect of MSCs. FSK-MSCs represent a valuable cellular product for immunotherapeutic purposes that needs to be further clarified and developed

Role of Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in experimental osteoarthritis.

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) catalyzes the formation of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which has important roles in inflammation and cartilage metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of L-PGDS in the pathogenesis of OA using an experimental mouse model.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Empowering the immune fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: gene and protein changes

Objective and design: Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are referred as a promising immunotherapeutic cell product. New approaches using empowered MSCs should be developed as for the treatment or prevention of different immunological diseases. Such preconditioning by new licensing stimuli will empower the immune fate of BM-MSCs and, therefore, promote a better and more efficient biological. Here, our main goal was to establish the immunological profile of BM-MSCs following inflammatory priming and in particular their capacity to adjust their immune-related proteome and transcriptome. Material and methods: To run this study, we have used BM-MSC cell cultures, a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail priming, flow cytometry analysis, qPCR and ELISA techniques. Results: Different expression levels of several immunological mediators such as COX-1, COX-2, LIF, HGF, Gal-1, HO-1, IL-11, IL-8, IL-6 and TGF-β were constitutively observed in BM-MSCs. Inflammation priming substantially but differentially modulated the gene and protein expression profiles of these mediators. Thus, expressions of COX-2, LIF, HGF, IL-11, IL-8 and IL-6 were highly increased/induced and those of COX-1, Gal-1, and TGF-β were reduced. Conclusions: Collectively, we demonstrated that BM-MSCs are endowed with a specific and modular regulatory machinery which is potentially involved in immunomodulation. Moreover, BM-MSCs are highly sensitive to inflammation and respond to such signal by properly adjusting their gene and protein expression of regulatory factors. Using such preconditioning may empower the immune fate of MSCs and, therefore, enhance their value for cell-based immunotherapy.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe