422 research outputs found
Analyzing Multiple Product Development Projects Based On Information and Resource Constraints
Product development (PD) and engineering design processes are often characterized by the
information flowing among activities. In PD, this flow forms a complex activity weba process
that can be viewed as a complex system. Most literature on the subject of information flow in
PD focuses on a single project, where precedence information constraints (based solely on
necessary information and possible assumptions) determine the execution sequence for the
activities and the resultant project lead-time. In this paper, we consider multiple PD projects that
share a common set of design resources. Especially in this setting, precedence information
availability is insufficient to assure that activities will execute on time. We extend the
information flow modeling literature by including resource availability. We model several PD
projects as a portfolio, where activity execution is based on both information and resource
availability. We demonstrate the effects of accounting for resource constraints on both
individual projects and portfolio lead-time distributions
Estimation de la demande domestique d’eau potable en Algerie
La littérature économique sur le secteur algérien de l’eau est très mince, voire inexistante, en particulier sur l’estimation de la demande en eau potable des ménages. Cette contribution vise précisément à  combler un tant soi peu ce déficit. Elle a pour objet une tentative d’estimation d’une fonction de demande d’eau potable pour les communes algériennes. Cet exercice s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un système de tarification par tranches progressives. Sur le plan méthodologique, l’exercice se déroule en deux étapes. Dans une première étape, prenant appui sur les travaux de Nordin (1976), de Corral et al. (1998), de Martinez-Espiñeira (2003) et de Diakite et Thomas (2009), nous proposons une méthode d’approximation des proportions d’usagers dans chaque tranche de consommation permettant une modélisation ainsi qu’une estimation du choix des blocs opéré par les usagers. Ceci nous permettra, dans une deuxième étape, de procéder à l’estimation de la fonction de demande proprement dite. Des variables techniques et des données sur les produits chimiques ont en conséquence été introduites dans la fonction de demande, en plus des données portant sur la consommation et sur le prix de l’eau. Les méthodes économétriques appliquées sont des méthodes spécifiques de traitement de données de panel permettant d’éviter tout biais dans l’estimation des coefficients. L’estimation fait apparaître des élasticités-prix et revenu via l’élasticité de la variable désormais connue dans la littérature sous le nom de «différence» significatives, évaluées respectivement à -0,37 et - 0,05. Ces coefficients sont utilisés pour simuler l’impact de réformes tarifaires et leur impact sur le bien être des usagers.Mots clés: Ressources en eau potable, Fonction de demande domestique, Prix moyen, Fréquence et plages horaires de distribution, Méthodes spécifiques de traitement de données de pane
Deep Transfer Learning Applications in Intrusion Detection Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Globally, the external Internet is increasingly being connected to the
contemporary industrial control system. As a result, there is an immediate need
to protect the network from several threats. The key infrastructure of
industrial activity may be protected from harm by using an intrusion detection
system (IDS), a preventive measure mechanism, to recognize new kinds of
dangerous threats and hostile activities. The most recent artificial
intelligence (AI) techniques used to create IDS in many kinds of industrial
control networks are examined in this study, with a particular emphasis on
IDS-based deep transfer learning (DTL). This latter can be seen as a type of
information fusion that merge, and/or adapt knowledge from multiple domains to
enhance the performance of the target task, particularly when the labeled data
in the target domain is scarce. Publications issued after 2015 were taken into
account. These selected publications were divided into three categories:
DTL-only and IDS-only are involved in the introduction and background, and
DTL-based IDS papers are involved in the core papers of this review.
Researchers will be able to have a better grasp of the current state of DTL
approaches used in IDS in many different types of networks by reading this
review paper. Other useful information, such as the datasets used, the sort of
DTL employed, the pre-trained network, IDS techniques, the evaluation metrics
including accuracy/F-score and false alarm rate (FAR), and the improvement
gained, were also covered. The algorithms, and methods used in several studies,
or illustrate deeply and clearly the principle in any DTL-based IDS subcategory
are presented to the reader
Evaluation economique des performances des services d’eau potable Algeriens
En Algérie, le recours à des entreprises spécialisées dans la production et la distribution d’eau potable implique la nécessité de disposer d’évaluations du coût de ces activités. Cet article propose une étude micro-économétrique de la fonction de coût de l’alimentation en eau potable sur des données de panel, avec pour objectif d’évaluer les performances des services d’eau potable algériens. Nous prenons en compte les différentes caractéristiques d’une industrie en réseau et notamment la fréquence de distribution d’AEP. L’estimation de la fonction de coût de production d’eau permet d’évaluer d’une part, le coût marginal de production et d’autre part, les différentes mesures de rendements (élasticités, économies de densité de production, économies d’échelle, économies d’envergure etc.), afin d’apporter des indications utiles sur la performance des réseaux de production et de distribution d’eau potable en Algérie.MOTS-CLES: Ressources en eau potable, données de panel, fonction de coût de production, fréquence et plages horaires de distribution
Assessment of Rework Probabilities for Simulating Product Development Processes Using the Design Structure Matrix (DSM)
This paper uses the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) to
model and simulate the performance of development processes.
Though the simulation is a powerful tool for analyzing process
performance, its ability is limited by the quality of input
information used in the analysis. DSM simulation requires
process data that is hard to assess or estimate directly from
development participants. In this paper, we propose a
methodology that allows a more practical estimation of an
important simulation parameter: rework probabilities.
Furthermore, we show how does this assessment method
(combined with simulation) allow managers to evaluate process
improvement plans based on two resulting process measures:
reliability and robustness. The method is illustrated with a real
application from the automotive industry
The complementary roles of non-verbal cues for Robust Pronunciation Assessment
Research on pronunciation assessment systems focuses on utilizing phonetic
and phonological aspects of non-native (L2) speech, often neglecting the rich
layer of information hidden within the non-verbal cues. In this study, we
proposed a novel pronunciation assessment framework, IntraVerbalPA. % The
framework innovatively incorporates both fine-grained frame- and abstract
utterance-level non-verbal cues, alongside the conventional speech and phoneme
representations. Additionally, we introduce ''Goodness of phonemic-duration''
metric to effectively model duration distribution within the framework. Our
results validate the effectiveness of the proposed IntraVerbalPA framework and
its individual components, yielding performance that either matches or
outperforms existing research works.Comment: 5 pages, submitted to ICASSP 202
Automatic Pronunciation Assessment -- A Review
Pronunciation assessment and its application in computer-aided pronunciation
training (CAPT) have seen impressive progress in recent years. With the rapid
growth in language processing and deep learning over the past few years, there
is a need for an updated review. In this paper, we review methods employed in
pronunciation assessment for both phonemic and prosodic. We categorize the main
challenges observed in prominent research trends, and highlight existing
limitations, and available resources. This is followed by a discussion of the
remaining challenges and possible directions for future work.Comment: 9 pages, accepted to EMNLP Finding
Multi-View Multi-Task Representation Learning for Mispronunciation Detection
The disparity in phonology between learner's native (L1) and target (L2)
language poses a significant challenge for mispronunciation detection and
diagnosis (MDD) systems. This challenge is further intensified by lack of
annotated L2 data. This paper proposes a novel MDD architecture that exploits
multiple `views' of the same input data assisted by auxiliary tasks to learn
more distinctive phonetic representation in a low-resource setting. Using the
mono- and multilingual encoders, the model learn multiple views of the input,
and capture the sound properties across diverse languages and accents. These
encoded representations are further enriched by learning articulatory features
in a multi-task setup. Our reported results using the L2-ARCTIC data
outperformed the SOTA models, with a phoneme error rate reduction of 11.13% and
8.60% and absolute F1 score increase of 5.89%, and 2.49% compared to the
single-view mono- and multilingual systems, with a limited L2 dataset.Comment: 5 page
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