The increase in number of species at the uppermost 200 m elevations of the mountain passes during the last century, scaled by available habitat area.

<p>The increase in number of species at the uppermost 200 m elevations of the mountain passes during the last century, scaled by available habitat area.</p

Magnitude of range expansions and contractions in alpine species of Sikkim Himalaya.

<p>The difference in lower and upper range margins for a species is taken as its range extent. ‘0′ represents no changes between historic and recent range extents, ‘+’ represents positive changes in historic and recent range extents i.e., range expansion, whereas ‘−’ represents range contraction between historic and recent range extents.</p

Comparative species richness patterns of endemic alpine species.

<p>The recent and historical patterns are shown by elevation, scaled by available habitat area (summed across 100 m elevational bins). The vertical lines represent the 50% cumulative species count for historical (solid) and recent (dashed) surveys.</p