Change Management: A Theoretical Framework

Organizations are dynamic and open systems that exist in mutual affection with their environment and deliver output to environment from which they receive inputs. Organizations need to make organizational regulations against internal and external occurring changes. Therefore, organizations have to gain new features and abilities in order to get along with the change. Today, changes we face in all areas affect also health system. The increase of the society’s health level is attributed to well-mannered health policy, and to give good preventive and remedial health services. Health executive have important roles in implementing these services, as well. Thus, in this article study, evaluations depending on healthcare organizations are done as focusing on the changes and the change management process in organizations. The importance of change management in health organizations and the factors that were required for its efficiency are mentioned. The success of health organizations can be attributed to their ability to adapt the changes occurred their around depending on the conceptual studies and obtained study findings. In order to have an effective change management in health organizations, firstly it needed to understand the importance of change and its necessity, to train the employees who work for the organization, to include them to change preparation and implementation processes and to give support to them about the change. In this article, suggestions are presented for health organizations as discussing in question topic, change management implementations.Keywords. Change  management, Change, Organizational change, Health organizations.JEL. M19

Vibrational Behavior of Metal Nanowires under Tensile Stress

We have investigated the vibrational density of states (VDOS) of a thin Cu nanowire with $$ axial orientation and considered the effect of axial strain. The VDOS are calculated using a real space Green's function approach with the force constant matrices extracted from interaction potential based on the embedded atom method. Results for the vibrational density of states of a strain-free nanowire show quite distinctive characteristics compared to that of a bulk atom, the most striking feature of which is the existence of high frequency modes above the top of the bulk spectrum. We further predict that the low frequency characteristics of the VDOS reveal the quasi-1 dimensional (Q1D) behavior only when the wire is extremely thin. Through decomposition of VDOS into local atoms we also exhibit that while the anomalous increase in low frequency density of states is mainly due to the corner atoms, the enhancement in high frequency modes is primarily moderated by core atoms. We, additionally, find that while the high frequency band above the top of the bulk phonon shifts to higher frequencies, the characteristics at low frequencies remains almost the same upon stretching the nanowire along the axial direction

Societal Rather than Governmental Change: Religious Discrimination in Muslim-Majority Countries after the Arab Uprisings

This study examines shifts in governmental religion policy and societal discrimination against religious minorities in Muslim-Majority states after the Arab Uprisings by using the Religion and State round 3 (RAS3) dataset for the years 2009-2014 and by focusing on 49 Muslim-majority countries and territories. We build on threads of literature on religious pluralism in transitional societies to explain the changes in governmental religion policy and societal discrimination against religious minorities after the Arab Uprisings. This literature predicts a rise in all forms of discrimination in Arab Uprising states as compared to other Muslim-majority states, and an even more significant rise in societal religious discrimination since societal behavior can change more quickly than government policy, especially at times of transition. The results partially conform to these predictions. There was no significant difference in the shifts in governmental religion policy between Arab Uprising and other Muslim-Majority states, but societal religious discrimination increased substantially in Arab Uprising states as compared to non-Arab Uprising states. Understanding the nature of religion policies and religious discrimination provides further opportunities to unveil the dynamics of regional politics as well as conflict prevention in the region

An empirical test of theories of price valuation using a semiparametric approach, reference prices, and accounting for heterogeneity

In this paper we estimate and empirically test different behavioral theories of consumer reference price formation. Two major theories are proposed to model the reference price reaction: assimilation contrast theory and prospect theory. We assume that different consumer segments will use different reference prices. The study builds on earlier research by Kalyanaram and Little (1994); however, in contrast to their work, we use parametric and semiparametric approaches to detect the structure of the underlying data sets. The different models are tested using a program module in GAUSS that was able to account for heterogeneity. The model types were calibrated by a simulation study. The calibrated modules were then used to analyze real market data.price valuation, semiparametric approach, reference prices, heterogeneity

The Link between Government Spending, Consumer Confidence and Consumption Expenditures in Emerging Market Countries

The impact of government spending on private consumption is extensively studied in the literature. However, the main theme of these studies is the possible crowding-in or crowding-out impact of government spending on consumer spending. This paper attempts to introduce a new variable to this well-known literature by investigating the existence of a relationship between government expenditure, consumer spending and consumer confidence for a group of emerging market countries. We examine whether a change in consumer confidence causes any change in government spending. Moreover, we analyze whether there is a feedback from government spending and private consumption to consumer confidence. Our empirical findings demonstrate the important role of consumer confidence on government spending and private consumption expenditures.Government spending, Consumer confidence, Consumption spending