Production of Granular Activated Carbon from Mesquite Trees

This paper study the production of granular activated carbon (AC) from mesquite trees, where the previous studies used other materials. Mesquite trees have many problems to agriculture and environment, especially here in Sudan. It’s grows quickly and furnish shade and wildlife habitat where other trees will not grow. Activated carbon was prepared through chemical activation using ortho phosphoric acid in a fixed concentration (95%) to activate the raw material at 600, 650 and 700o C in a different time of activation 1.5 and 2 hours respectively, the average yield was approximately 28%. Methylene blueis the parameter of surface area and iodine value is the parameter of porous structure of the AC. 2:1it’s the percentage of acid to the raw material that used here. The effect of various process parameters like bulk density at 150oC and pH was determined and evaluated. Almost parameters were in a typical range of preparation, so AC can be prepared commercially to use in many application

Gap junctional intercellular communication: Methodologies for measurement and application to potential inhibitors of communication

As an adaptation to multicellular life, organisms have evolved aqueous channels which allow passive transport of small molecules between contiguous cells. These channels are called gap junctions. Junctional communication exercises homeostatic control on cellular physiology and takes part in regulating cell growth and differentiation. In adult organisms the blockage of junctional communication is implicated in the process of carcinogenesis. In embryo's, blockage results in abnormal development. In this investigation metabolic cooperation was used to investigate junctional communication. A modification of an existing method was developed whereby 6-thioguanine (6-tg) resistant and sensitive strains of V79 cells were plated in a 1:1 ratio in multiwell plates. The co-cultures were treated with 6-tg. Metabolism of 6-tg in the sensitive cells and subsequent transfer to resistant cells led to inhibition of DNA synthesis in both cell types as assayed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. DNA synthesis in segregated resistant cells is not affected by 6-tg because these cells cannot metabolize 6-tg due to an enzyme deficiency. The inhibition of DNA synthesis in resistant cells in co-culture demonstrates junctional communication. As a positive control junctional communication in the co-culture was inhibited by exposure to a known communication inhibitor, the phorbol ester TPA. Using this method the effects of compounds on junctional communication were investigated. Calcium ionophore A23187 and DDT did not inhibit junctional communication whereas paracetamol appeared to inhibit junctional communication. To elucidate the mechanism of action of paracetamol BHA, aspirin and indomethacin were tested without showing an effect on junctional communication. Nordihydroguairetic acid also appeared to inhibit communication similarly to paracetamol. Using dye transfer as a comparative measure of cell communication it was found that these compounds did not inhibit junctional communication but prevented the incorporation of the 6-tg metabolite into the resistant cells. Consequently hydroxyurea, a known inhibitor of DNA synthesis was tested and shown to mimic the effects of these compounds. The implications of these findings to junctional research are discussed

Detection of Vehicle Insurance Claim Fraud: A Fraud Detection Use-Case for the Vehicle Insurance Industry

Insurance fraud has accompanied insurance since its inception, but the manner in which these practices and their methods of operation have evolved over time, and the volume and frequency of insurance fraud incidents have recently increased. Vehicle insurance fraud involves conspiring to make false or exaggerated claims involving property damage or personal injuries following an accident. Some common examples include staged accidents where fraudsters deliberately "arrange" for accidents to occur; the use of phantom passengers, where people who were not even at the scene of the accident claim to have suffered grievous injury, and making false personal injury claims where personal injuries are grossly exaggerated. The typical analysis of these datasets includes Algorithms is implemented on the Weka tool depends upon real info represented through from Oracle Databases. In this paper, focusing on detecting vehicle fraud by using, machine learning algorithms, and also the final analysis and conclusion based on performance steps, revealed that J48 is more accurate than Random Forest, Random Tree, Bayes Net and Naïve Bayes but Random Tree has the lowest classification accuracy

Effect of Educational Program on the Knowledge of Injured Administrative Staff Regarding Safety Computer Use

Objectives: To  assess the effectiveness of educational program on the knowledge of  injured administration staff  regarding safety computer use. Method: A Quasi Experimental ,One Group – pretest – posttest  study was carried out through the application of quantitative design through the period from September 1st , 2015 to May 23th , 2016.A purposive  sample of (20) individual from injured administrative staff of college of nursing/university of Kirkuk whom use computer were selected for the study, the scale of the study was rated according to the  right and wrong answers,data were analyzed through the use of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) which  applied (frequency,  percentage , mean of scores, standard deviation and Paired  T-test) at p-value ≤ 0.01. Results: The results of  the study showed  that most of the participants ( 25% ),   were from   age group ( 31 – 35 ) years, more than half of the them(60 %) were female, (65 %) of them had more than 10 years service and more than two third (75%)  were college graduate,  (65 %)  had more than 10 years' service and ( 55% ) of them  had less than (5 years) experience of computer use, while (30 %) of them had more than 10 years, most of the sample ( 75% ).were collage graduated. Conclusions: The study finding concluded poor staff knowledge in pretest in compare with high good knowledge in posttest, educational program highly statistically improved the knowledge of  administrative staff for requested level in which it may reduce further expected physical problems and risks. Recommendations Further program in such selection to be routinely repeated  during different times .To enhance their healthy life, we recommended to provide posters regarding the positioning and the exercises as a recourse for the staff. Generalization the program among the administrative staff of university of Kirkuk Key words: Effect , Educational Program , Knowledge , Safety Computer us

Advanced Flowrate Control of Petroleum Products in Transportation: An Optimized Modified Model Reference PID Approach

Efficient flowrate control is paramount for the seamless operation and reliability of petroleum transportation systems, where precise control of fluid movement ensures not only operational efficiency but also safety and cost-effectiveness. The main aim of this paper is to develop a highly effective modified model reference PID controller, tailored to ensure optimal flowrate control of petroleum products throughout their transportation. Initially, the petrol transportation process is analyzed to establish a suitable mathematical model based on vital factors like pipeline diameter, length, and pump attributes. However, using a basic first-order time delay model for petrol transportation systems is limiting due to inaccuracies, variable delay issues, safety oversights, and real-time control complexities. To improve this, the delay portion is approximated as a third-order transfer function to better reflect complex physical conditions. Subsequently, the PID controller is synthesized by modifying its structure to address flowrate control issues. These modifications primarily focus on the controller’s derivative component, involving the addition of a first-order filter and alterations to its structure. To optimize the proposed controller, the genetic, black hole, and zebra optimization techniques are employed, aiming to minimize an integral time absolute error cost function and ensure that the outlet flow of the controlled system closely follows the response of an appropriate reference model. They are chosen for their proficiency in complex optimization to enhance the controller's effectiveness by optimizing parameters within constraints, adapting to system dynamics, and ensuring optimal conditions. Through simulations, it is demonstrated that the proposed controller significantly enhances the stability and efficiency of the control system, while maintaining practical control signals. Moreover, the proposed modifications and intelligent tuning of the PID controller yield remarkable improvements compared to previous related work, resulting in a 36% reduction in rise time, a 63% reduction in settling time, an 80% reduction in overshoot, and a 98% reduction in cost value

The Iraqi EFL Learners’ Use of Conversational Maxims at the University Level

The current study is an attempt to measure the Iraqi EFL learners’ use of conversational maxims at the recognition level. The study aims at testing whether the Iraqi EFL learners observe or flout the Gricean maxims, assessing the Iraqi EFL learners’ mastery of the conversational maxims, and identifying which maxim(s) is/are frequently flouted. The study hypothesizes that the Iraqi EFL learners flout all the maxims of conversation, the maxim of relation is the least flouted one, the Iraqi EFL learners find the maxims difficult to adhere to, and the maxim of quantity is mostly flouted. The subjects of the study are a hundred Iraqi EFL learners at the fourth-year, Dept. of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Al-Muthanna. The data elicitation toolis a recognition test designed in accordance with nature of the study. The study brings forth the conclusions that the subjects have a difficulty in utilizing the maxims altogether, they flout all the conversational maxims in relatively different degrees, and the learners are mostly abided by the maxim of relation more than the other ones

Assessment Knowledge and Practice of Diabetic Patients (Type II) about Long Term Complications of their Disease in Kirkuk City

Background:- Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome  that affects  all the body parts ,  is a life-long disease marked by elevated levels of sugar in the blood. It is the second leading cause of blindness and renal disease worldwide. This can cause severe short-term and long-term Complications s ranging from brain damage to amputations and heart disease Aim of the study :- In order to assess knowledge  and practice  of Diabetic patients (Type 2)  about long term complications of disease  in Kirkuk city  as well as to find out the relationship between patients knowledge , practice and some socio-demographic characteristic such as age ,gender ,educational level , address and job Methodology:- A descriptive study of a quantitative design were carried out at Azadi teaching hospital and Kirkuk general hospital in Kirkuk city for diabetic patients (type 2)  from 2nd of July , 2013, up to the 20th of  April , 2014.  A non-probability (purposive) sample of (200) definitely diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (type 2) selected from adult patients who were attended to Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk General Hospital in Kirkuk city. Developed questionnaire  was constructed for the purpose of the study which consisted of four  parts: the first part include the  demographic data (6 ) items , the second part consist from (5 ) items of patients   medical date , the third part was contained  (21) questions which assess the  knowledge of the diabetic patients about long term complications of diabetic and the fourth part was contained (10 ) questions which assess the  practice  of the diabetic patients about long term complications of diabetic . 3-likert scale option was used in the rating scale as: (3) for yes  , (2 ) for uncertain  ,and  ( 1 ) for no  . Content validity was determined by presenting the questionnaire to a panel of (10) experts . The data were collected through the use of interview. They were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistical data analysis (chi-square, T –test and ANOVA  ) by using the statistical package of social science (SPSS ) version (17 ). Results :-The findings of the study indicated that (56.5%) of the patients were in age group between (45-60), (56.5%) were females, (53%) has family history of diabetic mellitus  , (44%) were house wives, (73%) were married, , (78.5%) living in urban also the study conclude highly significant relation between diabetic patients knowledge and their age , education level , marital status and job. Conclusions:- The study finding the patients knowledge and practice were poor about their  disease in Kirkuk city Recommendation :- Designed an educational programs to increase people knowledge about their  life style, etiology, signs and symptom, complication and treatment of diabetic mellitus and practice which decrease the impact of their disease . Advertisements and some health educational programs regard diabetic  mellitus should be encouraged through mass media Keywords:- diabetic patients , practice, Knowledge

Generalization of Tichonov and Hausdorff ‎Separation Axiomes in Intuitionistic Fuzzy ‎Special Topological Spaces

هدفنا من هذا البحث هو تعميم تعريف بديهية فصل تيكنوف وبديهية الفصل هاوسدورف  في الفضاءات التبولوجية  الحدسية الخاصة ودراسة العلاقات بين هذه الفضاءات مع الفضاءات التبولوجية الحدسية الخاصة  من نوع  (X, τ2) و (X, τ1) من جهة والفضاءات التبولوجية الحدسية الخاصة  من نوع (X, τ 0,2)و  (X, τ0,1)  من جهة اخرىOur goal in this paper is to give definitions of generalized of Tichonov and Hausdorff separation axioms in intuitionistic fuzzy special topological spaces, and study relationships between these spaces with the intuitionistic special topological spaces (X, τ0,1) and (X, τ 0,2) on one hand and intuitionistic fuzzy special topological spaces (X, τ1) and (X, τ2) on the other han