Regular and Weak Regular in intuitionistic topological spaces

In this paper ,we introduce and study the concept of Regular and Weak Regular in intuitionistic topological spaces ,we find the relations among of the kinds of Regular space in intuitionistic topological spaces and the relation between of kinds of Weak Regular and the last , the relation between of themselve

In Vivo Imaging of Cerebral Energy Metabolism with Two-Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy of NADH

Minimally invasive, specific measurement of cellular energy metabolism is crucial for understanding cerebral pathophysiology. Here, we present high-resolution, in vivo observations of autofluorescence lifetime as a biomarker of cerebral energy metabolism in exposed rat cortices. We describe a customized two-photon imaging system with time correlated single photon counting detection and specialized software for modeling multiple-component fits of fluorescence decay and monitoring their transient behaviors. In vivo cerebral NADH fluorescence suggests the presence of four distinct components, which respond differently to brief periods of anoxia and likely indicate different enzymatic formulations. Individual components show potential as indicators of specific molecular pathways involved in oxidative metabolism

A Preliminary Report on Cleft Deformities of the Face and associated Anomalies in Abha, Saudi Arabia

Cleft deformities of the face are one of the major congenital anomalies seen in our environment. There is a dearth of data from this major Southern city of Saudi Arabia on the incidence of the deformities and associated anomalies. This preliminary report aims to record the pattern of cleft lip/palate and associated anomalies at Aseer Central Hospital in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, to identify all cleft lip and palate patients that reported or were treated between 2005 and 2011. Cleft lip and/or palate records were obtained from patient’s files in Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Pediatrics and Medical records. Gender of patient, type of cleft and any associated congenital anomalies/syndromes were recorded. Results: Of the patient records studied, 60% were patients male and 40% female. Isolated cleft palate was the most common at 60% followed by combined cleft lip palate at 24% and isolated cleft lip at 16%. Eleven percent of the patient’s studies showed associated anomalies with isolated cleft palate. Conclusion: The study concluded that isolated cleft palate cases are more common than other variants of orofacial clefts. The pattern of cleft observed in the current study was similar to reported studies for Arab populations. This preliminary report lays the foundation for large population and birth registry based studies for prevalence and frequency of orofacial anomalies in Saudi Arabia

Photocatalytic Degredation of Acid Alizarin Black Using Powder and Nanoparticles of Titanium Dioxide

Photocatalytic degradation of acid alizarin black (AAB) dye (C.I. 21725) in aqueous solution was investigated using UV light in the presence of powder of titanium dioxide (P- TiO2) and nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (N- TiO2) as a catalyst. The operating conditions were catalyst dosage (10 and 20 mg/L) and initial concentration of AAB dye (10 and 20 mg/L). It was found that the increasing of catalyst concentration enhanced the dye decolourisation. Both catalysts exerted positive effects on the AAB removal whilst the initial concentration of AAB negatively affected its removal

Serum Albumin Targeted, pH-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Agents

The objective of this work was the synthesis of serum albumin targeted, GdIII-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents exhibiting a strong pH-dependent relaxivity. Two new complexes (Gd-glu and Gd-bbu) were synthesized based on the DO3A macrocycle modified with three carboxyalkyl substituents a to the three ring nitrogen atoms, and a biphenylsulfonamide arm. The sulfonamide nitrogen coordinates the Gd in a pH-dependent fashion, resulting in a decrease in the hydration state, q, as pH is increased and a resultant decrease in relaxivity (r1). In the absence of human serum albumin (HSA), r1 increases from 2.0 to 6.0 mM-1?s-1 for Gd-glu and from 2.4 to 9.0 mM-1?s-1 for Gd-bbu from pH 5 to 8.5 at 37?degrees C, 0.47 T, respectively. These complexes (0.2 mM) are bound (>98.9?%) to HSA (0.69 mM) over the pH range 58.5. Binding to albumin increases the rotational correlation time and results in higher relaxivity. The r1 increased 120?% (pH 5) and 550?% (pH 8.5) for Gd-glu and 42?% (pH 5) and 260?% (pH 8.5) for Gd-bbu. The increases in r1 at pH 5 were unexpectedly low for a putative slow tumbling q=2 complex. The Gd-bbu system was investigated further. At pH 5, it binds in a stepwise fashion to HSA with dissociation constants Kd1=0.65, Kd2=18, Kd3=1360 mu M. The relaxivity at each binding site was constant. Luminescence lifetime titration experiments with the EuIII analogue revealed that the inner-sphere water ligands are displaced when the complex binds to HSA resulting in lower than expected r1 at pH 5. Variable pH and temperature nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) studies showed that the increased r1 of the albumin-bound q=0 complexes is due to the presence of a nearby water molecule with a long residency time (12 ns). The distance between this water molecule and the Gd ion changes with pH resulting in albumin-bound pH-dependent relaxivity

More Homogeneous Capillary Flow and Oxygenation in Deeper Cortical Layers Correlate with Increased Oxygen Extraction

Our understanding of how capillary blood flow and oxygen distribute across cortical layers to meet the local metabolic demand is incomplete. We addressed this question by using two-photon imaging of resting-state microvascular oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and flow in the whisker barrel cortex in awake mice. Our measurements in layers I-V show that the capillary red-blood-cell flux and oxygenation heterogeneity, and the intracapillary resistance to oxygen delivery, all decrease with depth, reaching a minimum around layer IV, while the depth-dependent oxygen extraction fraction is increased in layer IV, where oxygen demand is presumably the highest. Our findings suggest that more homogeneous distribution of the physiological observables relevant to oxygen transport to tissue is an important part of the microvascular network adaptation to local brain metabolism. These results will inform the biophysical models of layer-specific cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption and improve our understanding of the diseases that affect cerebral microcirculation

A review of toolkits and case definitions for detecting enteric fever outbreaks in Asian and African countries from 1965-2019

Background: This review assessed the case definitions, diagnostic criteria, antimicrobial resistance, and methods used for enteric fever outbreaks and utilization of any unified outbreak score or checklist for early identification and response in Asia and Africa from 1965-2019.Methods: We searched enteric fever outbreaks using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library. Studies describing a single outbreak event of enteric fever in Asia and Africa from 1965-2019 were reviewed. We excluded case reports, letter to editors, studies reporting typhoid in conjunction with other diseases, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) trip reports, the World Health Organization (WHO) bulletins report, data from mathematical modeling and simulation studies, reviews and ProMed alert. Also, non-typhoidal salmonella outbreaks were excluded.Results: A total of 5063 articles were identified using the key terms and 68 studies were selected for data extraction. Most (48, 71%) outbreaks were from Asian countries, 20 (29%) were reported from Africa. Only 15 studies reported the case definition used for case identification during an outbreak and 8 of those were from Asia. A third (20, 29%) of the studies described antibiotic resistance pattern. 43 (63%) studies contained information regarding the source of the outbreak. Outcomes (hospitalization and deaths) were reported in a quarter of studies. Only 23 (29%) of the studies reported outbreak control strategies while none reported any unified outbreak score or a checklist to identify the outbreak.Conclusion: This review highlights the variability in detection and reporting methods for enteric fever outbreaks in Asia and Africa. No standardized case definitions or laboratory methods were reported. Only a few studies reported strategies for outbreak control. There is a need for the development of a unified outbreak score or a checklist to identify and report enteric fever outbreaks globally

Differential effects of anesthetics on resting state functional connectivity in the mouse

Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is a standard approach to examine resting state functional connectivity (RSFC), but fMRI in animal models is challenging. Recently, functional optical intrinsic signal imaging-which relies on the same hemodynamic signal underlying BOLD fMRI-has been developed as a complementary approach to assess RSFC in mice. Since it is difficult to ensure that an animal is in a truly resting state while awake, RSFC measurements under anesthesia remain an important approach. Therefore, we systematically examined measures of RSFC using non-invasive, widefield optical intrinsic signal imaging under five different anesthetics in male C57BL/6J mice. We find excellent seed-based, global, and interhemispheric connectivity using tribromoethanol (Avertin) and ketamine-xylazine, comparable to results in the literature including awake animals. Urethane anesthesia yielded intermediate results, while chloral hydrate and isoflurane were both associated with poor RSFC. Furthermore, we found a correspondence between the strength of RSFC and the power of low-frequency hemodynamic fluctuations. In conclusion, Avertin and ketamine-xylazine provide robust and reproducible measures of RSFC in mice, whereas chloral hydrate and isoflurane do not.R25 NS065743 - NINDS NIH HHS; KL2 TR002542 - NCATS NIH HHS; R00 AG042026 - NIA NIH HHS; K08 NS112601 - NINDS NIH HHS; P01 NS055104 - NINDS NIH HHS; R01 MH111359 - NIMH NIH HHS; R01 NS102969 - NINDS NIH HHS; R01 AA027097 - NIAAA NIH HHS; R01 NS091230 - NINDS NIH HHSPublished versio