Synthetic compounds in German and Chinese

The subject of this article are nominal compounds in German and Chinese which are assigned to the class of synthetic compounds. Such compounds are based on a verb stem, to which are added lexical morphemes and/or suffixes anchored in the grammar and semantics of the (verbal) head. In German, the verb with the suffix forms a derivative which, as the basic word, selects an argument (object or subject) in function of the determinative word. In this way, a government relationship is established between the constituents of the compound. This applies equally to action nouns and agent nouns. In Chinese, there are not formal exponents of the action noun, so the analysis had to be limited to agent nouns. In their derivation, the verb stem and its object mostly form a constituent that acts as a complement of the agent exponent. The examination of such synthetic compounds is carried out from the perspective of the argument.The subject of this article are nominal compounds in German and Chinese which are assigned to the class of synthetic compounds. Such compounds are based on a verb stem, to which are added lexical morphemes and/or suffixes anchored in the grammar and semantics of the (verbal) head. In German, the verb with the suffix forms a derivative which, as the basic word, selects an argument (object or subject) in function of the determinative word. In this way, a government relationship is established between the constituents of the compound. This applies equally to action nouns and agent nouns. In Chinese, there are not formal exponents of the action noun, so the analysis had to be limited to agent nouns. In their derivation, the verb stem and its object mostly form a constituent that acts as a complement of the agent exponent. The examination of such synthetic compounds is carried out from the perspective of the argument

Comparative study of different approaches to solve batch process scheduling and optimisation problems

Effective approaches are important to batch process scheduling problems, especially those with complex constraints. However, most research focus on improving optimisation techniques, and those concentrate on comparing their difference are inadequate. This study develops an optimisation model of batch process scheduling problems with complex constraints and investigates the performance of different optimisation techniques, such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Constraint Programming (CP). It finds that CP has a better capacity to handle batch process problems with complex constraints but it costs longer time

Text Coherence Analysis Based on Deep Neural Network

In this paper, we propose a novel deep coherence model (DCM) using a convolutional neural network architecture to capture the text coherence. The text coherence problem is investigated with a new perspective of learning sentence distributional representation and text coherence modeling simultaneously. In particular, the model captures the interactions between sentences by computing the similarities of their distributional representations. Further, it can be easily trained in an end-to-end fashion. The proposed model is evaluated on a standard Sentence Ordering task. The experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness and promise in coherence assessment showing a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art by a wide margin.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, CIKM 201

Effects of coal comminution in relation to waterjet and selected feed properties

The necessity to develop a viable alternative to oil means that the development of coal-water fuels (CWF) has become increasingly important. However, the existing methods of comminution to prepare ultrafine particles for CWF are very inefficient. Consequently, a number of novel methods of comminution have been investigated in order to increase the efficiency of the process. In this research, a new method of comminution using a high-pressure waterjet has been tested to produce ultrafine particle sizes necessary for efficient CWF process. To establish the fundamental performance of the waterjet mill, the influence of the operational pressure, standoff distance, feed size, mode (dry/wet) of feed material, and ash content of feed material were evaluated. The comminution products were characterized in terms of particle size, surface area change, particle size distribution (PSD), and morphological properties. The experimental results show that this new comminution method offers a promising means for achieving the size reduction required for use in CWF. It was also found that the waterjet-mediated comminution of coal was strongly affected by all these operating parameters. Higher operational pressure led to finer products that were more spherical shaped, while the energy efficiency of the mill strongly depended on the initial feed size and standoff distance. Since there is currently no accurate mode assessing the size of the comminution products, a volume-based fractal model was deduced to characterize the particle size distribution of the comminution products through a single and exact parameter --Abstract, page iii

How does Transformational Leadership of Principals Affect Teacher Organizational Commitment? An Empirical Analysis Based on Mediating and Moderating Effects

In recent years, the decline in the appeal of school organization and teaching profession has attracted wide attention in educational community. Published in the Education Research, this study employed the interaction ritual chains theory to examine the influence of transformational leadership of principals on teacher organizational commitment in the school context, and its influencing mechanism via the mediating and moderating effects. Teacher organizational commitment refers to teachers’ mindset of identifying with the values of the school, being committed to its development, and aspiring to continue working in the schoo

Without Degree Phrase: The Syntax of Chinese ‘Phrasal’ and ‘Clausal’ bi-Comparatives

This dissertation deals with the syntactic structure of Chinese ‘phrasal’ and ‘clausal’ bi-comparatives by mainly addressing the following issues from a minimalist perspective: the role of differential phrases, an asymmetry concerning the co-occurrence of some modals and bi-phrases, and the obviation of the Condition C effect. In the first two chapters, I will present a background for the analyses in later chapters, including descriptive properties of Chinese comparatives, a few problems to be discussed, and previous studies. Chapter 3 presents an analysis of some fundamental issues, including the parallelism requirement on the compared constituents, the adverbial status of bi-phrases, and Chinese bi-comparatives as underlyingly clausal comparatives. Most importantly, I argue that the unavailability of sub-comparatives in Chinese is due to the nature of the complement of the morpheme bi – a non-finite clause. Chapter 4 tackles the syntax of Chinese ‘phrasal’ bi-comparatives. I argue against the prevailing assumption that there is a projection of a Degree Phrase (DegP) in Chinese comparatives. Instead, I will argue for other projections, such as Comparison Predication Phrase (CPredP), Aspect Phrase (AspP), and Focus Phrase (FocP). In particular, I will address an asymmetry concerning the co-occurrence of some modals and bi-phrases by resorting to the feature-checking theory. Chapter 5 deals with the syntax of Chinese ‘clausal’ bi-comparatives by adopting the configuration of Remnant Movement as originally proposed for German. Maintaining the arguments made in Chapter 4 and then taking the information structure of Chinese into account, I will explicate a more complicated phenomenon regarding the co-occurrence of some modals and bi-phrases. Furthermore, the cancellation of the Condition C effect in Chinese bi-comparatives, as noted before but not well handled, will receive a satisfactory explanation based on Remnant Movement analysis. Chapter 6 is a conclusion