DataSheet1_Genome-wide identification of dysregulated alternative splicing and RNA-binding proteins involved in atopic dermatitis.PDF

Objectives: We explored the role and molecular mechanisms of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods: We downloaded RNA-seq data (GSE121212) from 10 healthy control skin samples (healthy, Ctrl), 10 non-lesional skin samples with AD damage (non-lesional, NL), and 10 lesional skin samples with AD damage (lesional, LS). We performed the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed RBPs (DE-RBPs), alternative splicing (AS), functional enrichment, the co-expression of RBPs and RASEs, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).Results: We identified 60 DE-RBP genes by intersecting 2141 RBP genes from existing reports with overall 2697 DEGs. Most of the DE-RBP genes were found to be upregulated in the AD LS group and related to immune and apoptosis pathways. We observed different ASEs and RASEs among the healthy, AD NL, and AD LS groups. In particular, alt3p and alt5p were the main ASEs and RASEs in AD NL and AD LS groups, compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, we constructed co-expression networks of DE-RBPs and RAS, with particular enrichment in biological pathways including cytoskeleton organization, inflammation, and immunity. Subsequently, we selected seven genes that are commonly present in these three pathways to assess their expression levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both healthy individuals and AD patients. The results demonstrated the upregulation of four genes (IFI16, S100A9, PKM, and ENO1) in the PBMCs of AD patients, which is highly consistent with DE-RBP genes analysis. Finally, we selected four RAS genes regulated by RBPs that were related to immune pathways and examined their RASEs in PBMCs from both AD patients and healthy controls. The results revealed an increased percentage of RASEs in the DDX60 gene in AD, which is highly consistent with AS analysis.Conclusion: Dysregulated RBPs and their associated RASEs may have a significant regulatory role in the development of AD and could be potential therapeutic targets in the future.</p

Construction of Monoatomic-Modified Defective Ti⁴⁺_αTi³⁺_1‑αO_2−δ Nanofibers for Photocatalytic Oxidation of HMF to Valuable Chemicals

Efficiently upgrading 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into high-value-added products, such as 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) and 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), through a photocatalytic process by using solar energy has been incessantly pursued worldwide. Herein, a series of transition-metal (TM = Ni, Fe, Co, Cu) single atoms were supported on Ti4+αTi3+1‑αO2−δ nanofibers (NFs) with certain defects (Ov), denoted as TM SAC-Ti4+αTi3+1‑αO2−δ NFs (TM = Ni, Fe, Co, Cu), aiming to enhance the photocatalytic conversion of HMF. A super HMF conversion rate of 57% and a total yield of 1718.66 μmol g–1 h–1 (DFF and FDCA) surpassing that of the Ti4+αTi3+1‑αO2−δ NFs by 1.6 and 2.1 times, respectively, are realized when TM is Co (Co SAC-Ti4+αTi3+1‑αO2−δ NFs). Experiments combined with density functional theory calculation (DFT) demonstrate that the TM single atoms occupy the Ti site of Ti4+αTi3+1‑αO2−δ NFs, which plays a dominant role in the photo-oxidation of HMF. Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterizations confirm the strong electron local exchange interaction in TM SAC-Ti4+αTi3+1‑αO2−δ NFs and demonstrate the substitution of Ti by the TM SACs. The projected density of states and charge density difference reveal that the strong interaction between metal-3d and O-2p orbitals forms Ti–O–TM bonds. The bonds are identified as the adsorption site, where TM single atoms on the surface of Ti4+αTi3+1‑αO2−δ NFs reduce HMF molecule adsorption energy (Eads). Furthermore, the TM single atom modulates the electronic structure of TM SAC-Ti4+αTi3+1‑αO2−δ NFs through electron transfer, leading to narrow band gaps of the photocatalysts and enhancing their photocatalytic performance. This study has uncovered a newer strategy for enhancing the photocatalytic attributes of semiconducting materials

Gradient Structure Design of Flexible Waterborne Polyurethane Conductive Films for Ultraefficient Electromagnetic Shielding with Low Reflection Characteristic

Highly efficient electromagnetic shielding materials entailing strong electromagnetic wave absorption and low reflection have become an increasing requirement for next-generation communication technologies and high-power electronic instruments. In this study, a new strategy is employed to provide flexible waterborne polyurethane composite films with an ultra-efficient electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and low reflection by constructing gradient shielding layers with a magnetic ferro/ferric oxide deposited on reduced graphene oxide (rGO@Fe₃O₄) and silver-coated tetraneedle-like ZnO whisker (T-ZnO/Ag) functional nanoparticles. Because of the differences in density between rGO@Fe₃O₄ and T-ZnO/Ag, a gradient structure is automatically formed during the film formation process. The gradient distribution of rGO@Fe₃O₄ over the whole thickness range forms an efficient electromagnetic wave absorption network that endows the film with a strong absorption ability on the top side, while a thin layer of high-density T-ZnO/Ag at the bottom constructs a highly conductive network that provides an excellent electromagnetic reflection ability for the film. This specific structure results in an “absorb–reflect–reabsorb” process when electromagnetic waves penetrate into the composite film, leading to an excellent EMI shielding performance with an extremely low reflection characteristic at a very low nanofiller content (0.8 vol % Fe₃O₄@rGO and 5.7 vol % T-ZnO/Ag): the EMI SE reaches 87.2 dB against the X band with a thickness of only 0.5 mm, while the shielding effectiveness of reflection (SE_R) is only 2.4 dB and the power coefficient of reflectivity (<i>R</i>) is as low as 0.39. This result means that only 39% of the microwaves are reflected in the propagation process when 99.9999998% are attenuated, which is the lowest value among the reported references. This composite film with remarkable performance is suitable for application in portable and wearable smart electronics, and this method offers an effective strategy for absorption-dominated EMI shielding

P‑Doped NiMn₂O₄ Hollow Tubular Nanofiber Spinel Composites for Electrocatalytic Dechlorination

Electrochemical degradation of dichloromethane (DCM) to produce chloromethane is a hopeful strategy for the remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. However, developing high-efficiency electrocatalysts without a noble metal remains a challenge. Here, we successfully constructed P-doped NiMn2O4 hollow tubular nanofibers (Px-NM-HTNFs) by the combination of an electrostatic spinning technique and a chemical vapor deposition technique, which were used as efficient dechlorination electrocatalysts. Physicochemical characterization and in situ characterization demonstrated that the unique hollow tubular nanostructures and P-doped structure can effectively accelerate charge transfer, expose more active sites, and optimize the adsorption capacity of the electrocatalyst for DCM. The experimental tests revealed that the P-doped electrocatalysts exhibited a remarkable electrocatalytic dechlorination performance, achieving a chloromethane production rate of 11665.46 μmol g–1 h–1 at −3.03 V (vs Ag/AgCl/Me4NCl) for P1.0-NM-HTNFs. In addition, the transfer coefficient α of 0.3 proved that the electrochemical degradation of DCM conforms to the mechanism of synergistic dissociation electron transfer. P1.0-NM-HTNFs generate the adsorption atom H*, thus facilitating the dechlorination reaction. This work provides an idea for constructing manganese–spinel composite catalysts and producing chloromethane with high value added for DCM electrochemical dechlorination

Synthesis and Identification of New Flavonoids Targeting Liver X Receptor β Involved Pathway as Potential Facilitators of Aβ Clearance with Reduced Lipid Accumulation

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with impaired Aβ degradation in the brain. Enhancing the process of Aβ clearance is an attractive potential AD therapy. Treatment with LXR agonists may reduce Aβ levels in vivo. However, the clinical potential of many LXR agonists is limited because of their nonselective actions on LXRα/β, which lead to undesired hepatic lipogenesis via LXRα-dependent pathways. In this study, ABCA1 up-regulators were identified from a series of flavonoids and were found to preferentially activate LXRβ and up-regulate expression of ABCA1 and apoE in different cell lines. Further investigations confirmed that these compounds facilitate intracellular Aβ clearance in Aβ-loaded BV2 cells. Administration of compound <b>19</b> reduced total brain Aβ and plaque burden in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, associated with elevated ABCA1 and apoE expression. Compared with the nonselective LXR agonists, the active compounds reported here induced less accumulation of undesired lipids and triglycerides in HepG2 cells