48 research outputs found
Alzheimer’s disease: amyloid-based pathogenesis and potential therapies
Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most severe neurodegenerative diseases among elderly people. Different pathogenic factors for Alzheimer’s disease have been posited and studied in recent decades, but no effective treatment has been found, necessitating further studies. In this Viewpoint article, we assess studies on the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of amyloid b (Aβ) peptide and the formation of Aβ oligomers because their accumulation in amyloid plaques in brain tissue has become a well-studied hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. We focus on the production of Aβ and its impact on the function of synapses and neural circuits, and also discuss the clinical prospects for amyloid-targeted therapies
TaskMatrix.AI: Completing Tasks by Connecting Foundation Models with Millions of APIs
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made incredible progress recently. On the
one hand, advanced foundation models like ChatGPT can offer powerful
conversation, in-context learning and code generation abilities on a broad
range of open-domain tasks. They can also generate high-level solution outlines
for domain-specific tasks based on the common sense knowledge they have
acquired. However, they still face difficulties with some specialized tasks
because they lack enough domain-specific data during pre-training or they often
have errors in their neural network computations on those tasks that need
accurate executions. On the other hand, there are also many existing models and
systems (symbolic-based or neural-based) that can do some domain-specific tasks
very well. However, due to the different implementation or working mechanisms,
they are not easily accessible or compatible with foundation models. Therefore,
there is a clear and pressing need for a mechanism that can leverage foundation
models to propose task solution outlines and then automatically match some of
the sub-tasks in the outlines to the off-the-shelf models and systems with
special functionalities to complete them. Inspired by this, we introduce
TaskMatrix.AI as a new AI ecosystem that connects foundation models with
millions of APIs for task completion. Unlike most previous work that aimed to
improve a single AI model, TaskMatrix.AI focuses more on using existing
foundation models (as a brain-like central system) and APIs of other AI models
and systems (as sub-task solvers) to achieve diversified tasks in both digital
and physical domains. As a position paper, we will present our vision of how to
build such an ecosystem, explain each key component, and use study cases to
illustrate both the feasibility of this vision and the main challenges we need
to address next
Flat band magnetism and helical magnetic order in Ni-doped SrCoAs
A series of Sr(CoNi)As single crystals was synthesized
allowing a comprehensive phase diagram with respect to field, temperature, and
chemical substitution to be established. Our neutron diffraction experiments
revealed a helimagnetic order with magnetic moments ferromagnetically (FM)
aligned in the plane and a helimagnetic wavevector of for
= 0.1. The combination of neutron diffraction and angle-resolved
photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements show that the tuning of a flat
band with orbital character drives the helimagnetism and
indicates the possibility of a quantum order-by-disorder mechanism.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, Supplementary Material available upon request,
accepted by Phys. Rev.