DataSheet1_Optimization and preparation of a compound cod liver oil film former agent: an orthogonal design.docx

Background: Cod liver oil has anti-inflammatory properties and could help regulate recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). An orthogonal experiment was used to evaluate and improve the dosage form of compound cod liver oil, which has replaced the previously used liniment preparation based on film method.Methods: An orthogonal experiment was adopted, and the appearance and film-forming time of the film coating agents were used as indicators. The optimal ratio in the preparation process for the compound cod liver oil film agent was then optimized. A method for determination of compound cod liver oil film was established using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Results: The results indicate that the blank films prepared using 55 mg polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVA low), 45 mg of PVA (PVA medium), and 10 mg glycerol had the optimal performance, which was defined as PVAa. The drug-carrying film prepared from 3 mL PVAa (i.e., film-forming material with the optimal proportion), 30 mg dexamethasone acetate, and 30 mg metronidazole had the optimal performance. The verified sample has a complete and smooth appearance, uniform thickness and color, and no evident bubbles, which meets the requirements for a film agent defined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020 edition. HPLC was used to determine the major components: dexamethasone acetate, metronidazole, and dyclonine hydrochloride, and the optimal separation effect was obtained. The method has advantages of good specificity, good linear results, high recovery rate, and good repeatability.Conclusion: This study proposes an optimized compound cod liver oil film former agent and preparation method. The results indicate that the compound cod liver oil film former agent had good performance, reflecting the high feasibility of this research method. The detection method of compound cod liver oil film was established by HPLC. The method was feasible, and the validity and stability of the formulation and preparation technology were guaranteed. The role of the newly developed agent in patients with RAS should be investigated further.</p

Reusable and Dual-Potential Responses Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Biosensor for Synchronously Cytosensing and Dynamic Cell Surface N‑Glycan Evaluation

A novel reusable and dual-potential responsive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was fabricated for synchronous detection of cancer cells and their surface N-glycan. In this strategy, a cancer cell recognized aptamer hybridized with a capture DNA was immobilized on electrochemically reduced MoS₂ nanosheets, and Ru­(phen)₃²⁺ as ECL probes was intercalated into the grooves of the double-strand DNA. In the presence of target cells, the capture DNA and Ru­(phen)₃²⁺ were released from the electrode interface owing to the specific interaction between cancer cells and the aptamer. Meanwhile, concanavalin A (Con A), a mannose binding protein, and a conjugated gold nanoparticle modified graphite-C₃N₄ (Con A@Au-C₃N₄) was used as a negative ECL nanoprobe and applied for the cell surface N-glycan evaluation owing to the excellent ECL properties of g-C₃N₄ at negative potential. The cytosensing and cell surface N-glycan evaluation could be simultaneously realized with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity based on the ratio of ECL intensity between the negative potential and positive potential (ΔECL_n/ΔECL_p), avoiding the traditional routing cell counting procedures. Moreover, the aptamer modified electrode can be regenerated in the presence of capture DNA solutions for cyclic utilization. As a proof-of-concept, the ECL cytosensor showed excellent performances for the analysis of the MCF-7 cancer cell and its surface N-glycan evaluation in human serum samples. The reusable and dual potential response ECL biosensor endows a feasibility tool for clinical diagnosis and drug screening especially in complex biological systems

Intrinsic Point Defects in Inorganic Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite CsPbI₃

Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI₃) has recently emerged as a promising solar photovoltaic absorber. However, the cubic perovskite (α-phase) remains stable only at high temperature and reverts to a photoinactive nonperovskite (δ-phase) CsPbI₃ at room temperature. In this work, the formation energies and transition energy levels of intrinsic point defects in γ- (more stable than α-phase) and δ-phases have been studied systematically by first-principles calculations. It is found that CsPbI₃ exhibits a unipolar self-doping behavior (p-type conductivity), which is in contrast to CH₃NH₃PbI₃. Most of the intrinsic defects induce deeper transition energy levels in δ-phase than in γ-phase. This is due to the small Pb–I–Pb bond angles in δ-phase that results in the weak antibonding character of valence band maximum (VBM). However, the strong antibonding character of VBM plays a critical role in keeping defect tolerance in semiconductors. Therefore, these results indicate the importance of the large metal–halide–metal bond angle for the performance of perovskite solar cells

Simulation Studies on Robust Contacts in V₂CT₂/MoSi₂N₄ (TO, F, OH) van der Waals Heterojunction Nanostructures: Implications for Optoelectronic Devices

Research on metal electrode–semiconductor contacts has primarily focused on adjusting the Schottky barrier height (SBH), with little attention paid to the stability of electronic properties upon contact. Herein, we comprehensively investigate the sensitivity of contact properties to the external electric field (ΔE), out-plane strain (Δd), and in-plane biaxial strain (Δδ) taking the V2C(T2)/MoSi2N4 (TO, OH, F) van der Waals heterojunction (vdWH) as an example. Our findings suggest that surface functionalization (-T termination) is a powerful tool for controlling contact characteristics. Importantly, when ΔE0.3 V/nm, Δd = −0.1 Å, and Δδ < 0%, the intrinsic contact properties of V2C/MoSi2N4 may be changed. However, V2CT2/MoSi2N4 can maintain the intrinsic contact properties over a wider range of ΔE, Δd, and Δδ. Furthermore, we design a p–i–n optoelectronic transistor (V2CO2/MoSi2N4/V2CO2H2), which has excellent tunneling probability (100%), photocurrent density (11.336 A/m2), responsivity (0.322 AW–1), and external quantum efficiency (71.061%). Our work not only serves as a reference for eliminating the error of information transmission and the degradation of device performance caused by contact property sensitivity to electric field and strain but also provides theoretical guidance for the experimental design of high-performance MoSi2N4-based optoelectronic devices

Additional file 1: of Relationship between serum uric acid level and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese community elderly

Appendix Tables (appendix Table S1 and S2). Multiple linear and logistic regression of SUA level for MMSE score and MCI prevalence for participants without cerebral vascular disease or without kidney diseases. We ascertained the association of SUA level with MMSE score and MCI prevalence in the sensitivity analysis (Appendix Table S1 and S2). When participants with cerebral vascular disease (n = 267, 12.7%) and kidney disease (n = 105, 5.0%) were excluded, the βs and ORs were similar with that in the Table 4 (all participants). (DOC 62 kb

DNA Assembled Gold Nanoparticles Polymeric Network Blocks Modular Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensors for Protein Kinase Activity Analysis and Inhibition

A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor was built for the detection of kinase activity based on the DNA induced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) polymeric network block signal amplification. In this strategy, the DNA₁ conjugated AuNPs were integrated with the phosphorylated peptide by Zr⁴⁺ and assembled into DNA-AuNPs polymeric network block by the hybridization of cDNA with each side sequences of DNA₁ and joint DNA₂. The kinase activity was determined by the amperometric responses of [Ru­(NH₃)₆]³⁺ absorbed on the network block by electrostatic interaction. Due to its excellent electroactivity and high accommodation of the DNA-AuNPs polymeric network block for [Ru­(NH₃)₆]³⁺, the current signal was significantly amplified, affording a highly sensitive electrochemical analysis of kinase activity. The as-proposed biosensor presents a low detection limit of 0.03 U mL^–1 for protein kinase A (PKA) activity, wide linear range (from 0.03 to 40 U mL^–1), and excellent stability even in cell lysates and serum samples. This biosensor can also be applied for quantitative kinase inhibitor screening. Finally, the PKA activities from BE4S-2B, A549, and MCF-7 cell lysates were further analyzed, which provided a valuable strategy in developing a high-throughput assay of in vitro kinase activity and inhibitor screening for clinic diagnostics and therapeutics

Reusable Silicon-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Ratiometric Aptasensor with High Sensitivity, Specificity, and Reproducibility

Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy molecule, is critical for the elucidation of its unique roles in cell signaling and many cellular reactions. Up to date, a major challenge is still remaining for fabricating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) aptamer sensors (aptasensors) suitable for accurate and reliable quantification of ATP. Herein, we develop the ratiometric silicon SERS aptasensor for ATP detection, which is made of uniform silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-modified silicon wafer (Ag NPs@Si), followed by the functionalization with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA I). The dsDNA I is formed by the aptamer and its complementary DNA (cDNA), which contains two independent segments (e.g., 5′-Cy3-labeled DNA-C1, 3′-ROX-labeled DNA-C2). In the presence of ATP, ROX–DNA-C2 is dissociated from dsDNA I due to the formation of aptamer/ATP complex, leading to the attenuation of ROX signals, and meanwhile, Cy3 signals remain constant ascribed to the formation of dsDNA II caused by the supplementation of aptamer. As a result, ratiometric signals of the ratio of ROX intensity to Cy3 intensity (<i>I</i>_ROX/<i>I</i>_Cy3) can be achieved. Of particular significance, the developed ATP aptasensor features excellent reproducibility [e.g., the relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than ∼4%, comparable or superior to that of previously reported aptasensors], ultrahigh sensitivity [e.g., the detection of limit (LOD) reaches 9.12 pM, lower than that of other reported ATP SERS aptasensors], as well as good recyclability (e.g., ∼9.3% of RSD values of ratiometric signals within three cycles)

Silk Nanofibers as Robust and Versatile Emulsifiers

Peptides have been extensively studied as emulsifiers due to their sequence and size control, biocompatibility, versatility, and stabilizing capacity. However, cost and mass production remain the challenges for broader utility for these emulsifiers. Here we demonstrate the utility of silk fibroin nanofibers as emulsifiers, with superior functions to the more traditional peptide emulsifiers. This silk nanofiber system is universal for different oil phases with various polarities and demonstrates control of microcapsule size through tuning the ratio of silk fibroin nanofiber solutions to oils. Besides the improved stabilizing capacity to peptides, these silk fibroin nanofibers endow additional stability to the emulsions formed under high salt concentration and low pH. Highly efficient encapsulation of biomarkers through interfacial networks suggests potential applications in therapeutics, food, and cosmetics. Compared to peptide emulsifiers, these silk fibroin nanofibers offer advantages in terms of cost, purification, and production scale, without compromising biocompatibility, stabilizing capacity, and versatility

In Situ Live-Cell Nucleus Fluorescence Labeling with Bioinspired Fluorescent Probes

Fluorescent imaging techniques for visualization of nuclear structure and function in live cells are fundamentally important for exploring major cellular events. The ideal cellular labeling method is capable of realizing label-free, in situ, real-time, and long-term nucleus labeling in live cells, which can fully obtain the nucleus-relative information and effectively alleviate negative effects of alien probes on cellular metabolism. However, current established fluorescent probes-based strategies (e.g., fluorescent proteins-, organic dyes-, fluorescent organic/inorganic nanoparticles-based imaging techniques) are unable to simultaneously realize label-free, in situ, long-term, and real-time nucleus labeling, resulting in inevitable difficulties in fully visualizing nuclear structure and function in live cells. To this end, we present a type of bioinspired fluorescent probes, which are highly efficacious for in situ and label-free tracking of nucleus in long-term and real-time manners. Typically, the bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, served as fluorescent probes, can be readily synthesized in situ within live cell nucleus without any further modifications under physiological conditions (37 °C, pH ∼7.4). Compared with other conventional nuclear dyes (e.g., propidium iodide (PI), Hoechst), superior spectroscopic properties (e.g., quantum yield of ∼35.8% and high photostability) and low cytotoxicity of PDA-based probes enable long-term (e.g., 3 h) fluorescence tracking of nucleus. We also demonstrate the generality of this type of bioinspired fluorescent probes in different cell lines and complex biological samples

One-Dimensional Fluorescent Silicon Nanorods Featuring Ultrahigh Photostability, Favorable Biocompatibility, and Excitation Wavelength-Dependent Emission Spectra

We herein report a kind of one-dimensional biocompatible fluorescent silicon nanorods (SiNRs) with tunable lengths ranging ∼100–250 nm, which can be facilely prepared through one-pot microwave synthesis. In addition to the strong fluorescence (quantum yield value: ∼15%) and negligible toxicity, the resultant SiNRs exhibit excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence whose maximum emission wavelength ranges from ∼450 to ∼600 nm under serial excitation wavelengths from 390 to 560 nm, providing feasibility for multicolor biological imaging. More significantly, the SiNRs are ultrahighly photostable, preserving strong and nearly unchanged fluorescence under 400 min high-power UV irradiation, which is in sharp contrast to severe fluorescence quenching of organic dyes (e.g., FITC) or II–VI quantum dots (QDs) (e.g., CdTe QDs and CdSe/ZnS QDs) within 15 or 160 min UV treatment under the same experiment conditions, respectively. Taking advantage of these attractive merits, we further exploit the SiNRs as a novel type of color converters for the construction of white light-emitting diodes (LED), which is the first proof-of-concept demonstration of LED device fabricated using the one-dimensional fluorescent silicon nanostructures