Pr2_2Ir2_2O7_7: when Luttinger semimetal meets Melko-Hertog-Gingras spin ice state

We study the band structure topology and engineering from the interplay between local moments and itinerant electrons in the context of pyrochlore iridates. For the metallic iridate Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$, the Ir $5d$ conduction electrons interact with the Pr $4f$ local moments via the $f$-$d$ exchange. While the Ir electrons form a Luttinger semimetal, the Pr moments can be tuned into an ordered spin ice with a finite ordering wavevector, dubbed "Melko-Hertog-Gingras" state, by varying Ir and O contents. We point out that the ordered spin ice of the Pr local moments generates an internal magnetic field that reconstructs the band structure of the Luttinger semimetal. Besides the broad existence of Weyl nodes, we predict that the magnetic translation of the "Melko-Hertog-Gingras" state for the Pr moments protects the Dirac band touching at certain time reversal invariant momenta for the Ir conduction electrons. We propose the magnetic fields to control the Pr magnetic structure and thereby indirectly influence the topological and other properties of the Ir electrons. Our prediction may be immediately tested in the ordered Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ samples. We expect our work to stimulate a detailed examination of the band structure, magneto-transport, and other properties of Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, added more ref

Stacking-induced magnetic frustration and spiral spin liquid

Like the twisting control in magic angle twisted bilayer graphenes, the stacking control is another mechanical approach to manipulate the fundamental properties of solids, especially the van der Waals materials. We explore the stacking-induced magnetic frustration and the spiral spin liquid on a multilayer triangular lattice antiferromagnet where the system is built from the ABC stacking with competing intralayer and interlayers couplings. By combining the nematic bond theory and the self-consistent Gaussian approximation, we establish the phase diagram for this ABC-stacked multilayer magnet. It is shown that, the system supports a wide regime of spiral spin liquid with multiple degenerate spiral lines in the reciprocal space, separating the low-temperature spiral order and the high-temperature featureless paramagnet. The transition to the spiral order from the spiral spin liquid regime is first order. We further show that the spiral-spin-liquid behavior persists even with small perturbations such as further neighbor intralayer exchanges. The connection to the ABC-stacked magnets, the effects of Ising or planar spin anisotropy, and the outlook on the stacking-engineered quantum magnets are discussed.Comment: main text: 7 pages + 4 figures; supplemental materials: 15 pages + 5 figures; update: fixed typos + adjusted the notation of action for consistency purpose

An Enhanced Probabilistic LDA for Multi-Class Brain Computer Interface

There is a growing interest in the study of signal processing and machine learning methods, which may make the brain computer interface (BCI) a new communication channel. A variety of classification methods have been utilized to convert the brain information into control commands. However, most of the methods only produce uncalibrated values and uncertain results.In this study, we presented a probabilistic method "enhanced BLDA" (EBLDA) for multi-class motor imagery BCI, which utilized Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLDA) with probabilistic output to improve the classification performance. EBLDA builds a new classifier that enlarges training dataset by adding test samples with high probability. EBLDA is based on the hypothesis that unlabeled samples with high probability provide valuable information to enhance learning process and generate a classifier with refined decision boundaries. To investigate the performance of EBLDA, we first used carefully designed simulated datasets to study how EBLDA works. Then, we adopted a real BCI dataset for further evaluation. The current study shows that: 1) Probabilistic information can improve the performance of BCI for subjects with high kappa coefficient; 2) With supplementary training samples from the test samples of high probability, EBLDA is significantly better than BLDA in classification, especially for small training datasets, in which EBLDA can obtain a refined decision boundary by a shift of BLDA decision boundary with the support of the information from test samples.The proposed EBLDA could potentially reduce training effort. Therefore, it is valuable for us to realize an effective online BCI system, especially for multi-class BCI systems

Topological phase transition and nontrivial thermal Hall signatures in honeycomb lattice magnets

We investigate spinon band topology and engineering from the interplay between long-ranged magnetic order and fractionalized spinons, as well as Zeeman coupling under external magnetic fields, in honeycomb lattice magnets. The synergism of N\'eel order and magnetic fields could reconstruct the spinon bands and drive a topological phase transition from the coexisting phase of long-ranged order and chiral spin liquid with semion topological order to the conventional magnetic order. Our prediction can be immediately tested through thermal Hall transport measurements among the honeycomb lattice magnets that are tuned to be proximate to the quantum critical point. Our theory should also shed light on the critical behavior of honeycomb Kitaev materials with emergent Majorana fermion bands. We suggest a possible relevance to the spin-1/2 honeycomb spin liquid candidate material In$_3$Cu$_2$VO$_9$.Comment: 6 figures, may submit to a domestic journal of China, paper explanation is found https://gangchengroup-physics.weebly.com/paper-explanation.htm

Protective effect of Acorus tatarinowii extract against alzheimer in 3xTg-AD mice

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of Acorus tatarinowii extract (ATE) against Alzheimer's disease in 3xTg-AD mice. Method: The cognitive function of 3xTg-AD mice was assessed using Morris water maze test. The levels of the amyloid beta deposits and NeuN in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunohistochemical assay while brain neurotrophic derived factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expressions were determined by western blot analysis. Results: ATE treatment significantly ameliorated learning and memory deficits in AD mice, as shown by increased time spent in the target zone during probe tests. The escape latency in animals treated with 600 mg/kg ATE (24.8 ± 1.3 s) was significantly increased relative to ontreated 3xTg-AD mice (8.5 ± 1.0 s, p < 0.01). In addition, ATE significantly decreased Aβ deposits, increased NeuN-positive cells, and upregulated the expression of BDNF (1.9 ± 0.4, p < 0.05) and TrkB (1.9 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) in 3xTg AD mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that ATE treatment may be a useful strategy for managing memory impairment induced by several neurodegenerative diseases