Vinyl ethylene sulfite as a new additive in propylene carbonate-based electrolyte for lithium ion batteries

Vinyl ethylene sulfite (VES) is studied as a new additive in propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolyte for lithium ion batteries. The electrochemical results show that the artificial graphite material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in a PC-based electrolyte with the addition of the proper amount of VES. According to our spectroscopic results, VES is reduced to ROSO2Li (R=C4H6), Li2SO3 and butadiene (C4H6) through an electrochemical process which precedes the decomposition of PC. Furthermore, some of the Li2SO3 could be further reduced to Li2S and Li2O. All of these products are proven to be components of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI ) layer.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) [29925310, 20433060, 20473068]; Ministry of Science and Technology, China [2007CB209702

Electrochemical Behavior of Vinyl Ethylene Sulfite as an Electrolyte Film-forming Additive in Lithium Ion Batteries

A film-forming additive, vinyl ethylene sulfite (VES) with both vinylene group and sulfite group, affects the electrochemical performance of carbonaceous mesophase spherules (CMS) and LiFePO4 electrode. The results indicated that a small amount of VES (5%) could be reduced prior to the propylene carbonate (PC) solvent on the surface of CMS electrode in PC-based electrolyte to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, so co-intercalation of PC and solvated lithium ions to graphite could be suppressed. Furthermore, the electrolyte of 1 mol/L LiClO4/PC+5%VES (V:V) exhibited excellent electrochemical stability in the LiFePO4 electrode

How Does Digital Transformation of City Governance Affect Environmental Pollution: A Natural Experiment from the Pilot Policy of “National Information City for Public Service” in China

This article investigated the “National Information City for Public Service” policy as the representative policy of China’s digital transformation of urban governance to empirically analyze its impact on urban environmental pollution using the DID method. The results indicated that: ① The “National Information City for Public Service” policy has significantly reduced the level of urban environmental pollution by 1.65–2.11% on average. After conducting the robustness test of the PSM-DID method and excluding the effect of exogenous interference of the smart city pilot policy in China, the evaluation showed no significant difference from the conclusion above. ② The mechanism test results showed that the “National Information City for Public Service” policy could reduce urban environmental pollution through the technological innovation effect, industrial structure upgrading effect, resource allocation optimization effect, and urban informatization level improvement effect. ③ The heterogeneity analysis of the city scale presented a positive relationship between the city scale and the level of environmental pollution improvement effect under the “National Information City for Public Service” framework. Meanwhile, the heterogeneity analysis of city characteristics showed that cities with better human capital qualities, stronger local government financial strength, and more advanced financial development levels would obtain greater benefit from the environmental improving effect of this policy. Notably, the environmental improving effect of digital transformation of urban governance would be further amplified in cities with the dual superposition of the Innovative City Pilot Policy and the policy of “National Information City for Public Service”. This paper contributed significant referential insights into promoting urban digital transformation and improving urban ecological environment

Research on the income distribution effect of factor allocation efficiency changes among China's three major industries.

This paper aims to study the impact of correcting the factor misallocation among China's three major industries on China's income gap and income distribution pattern. By using the industry Panel data at the provincial level in China, we measure the degree of factor misallocation among the three major industries in China's provinces from 2002 to 2019 by building a factor misallocation measurement model, and then uses reverse thinking to compare the income gap under the condition of no factor misallocation with the actual income gap, and then obtains the impact of factor misallocation on the income gap, And use this method to focus on analyzing the impact of factor allocation efficiency changes among the three industries on income distribution pattern. The research finds that: (1) There is a serious factor misallocation among the three major industries in each province. From the perspective of subdivided factors, the factor misallocation among the three major industries in China's provinces is mainly caused by labor misallocation. Factor misallocation shows a trend of convergence first and then divergence among regions. (2) There is a strong heterogeneity in the explanatory power of different dimensions of the income gap of factor misallocation among the three major industries in China's provinces. Among them, correcting the misallocation of total factors among the three major industries in China's provinces can only narrow the internal income gap of the tertiary sector of the economy, and expand the internal income gap between the primary and secondary industries. (3) The impact of correcting the total misallocation, capital misallocation and labor misallocation among the three industries on the income gap among industries or provinces is narrowing first and then expanding. (4) Further research shows that although the level of factor misallocation among provinces in China is significantly lower than the average level of factor misallocation among the three major industries within each province, it has a stronger explanatory power for the inter-provincial income gap. Correcting the total factor misallocation and labor misallocation among provinces can significantly reduce the inter-provincial income gap in China. Correcting the total factor misallocation and labor misallocation among provinces in 2019 can reduce the inter-provincial income gap by 51.48% and 81.68% respectively. Only correcting the capital misallocation among provinces will expand the inter-provincial income gap, and only correcting the capital misallocation among provinces in 2019 will expand the inter-provincial income gap by 112.21%

Quantitative Evaluation and Characteristic Analysis of Resource Allocation Efficiency of the Energy Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

The resource allocation efficiency of the energy industry in the Yangtze River economic belt is related to the green and high-quality development of the region. This study constructed a quantitative model which modified from the traditional HK model to evaluate the efficiency of energy industry resource allocation. This paper makes a quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of inter-industrial and inter-regional resource allocation of the energy industry in the Yangtze River economic belt from 2000 to 2019. The results show that: the average annual loss of total factor productivity of the energy industry in the Yangtze River economic belt is as high as 25.11% due to the misallocation of resources among the energy industries, capital misallocation, labor misallocation, and intermediate input misallocation were 12.32%, 7.08%, and 5.08%, respectively. The misallocation of resources among the energy industries of the provinces in upper, middle, and lower reaches is gradually increasing in turn. The average annual loss of total factor productivity (TFP) in the energy industry of the Yangtze River economic belt is 6.5% due to the misallocation of resources between regions. Capital misallocation, labor misallocation, and intermediate input misallocation were 2.48%, 3.40%, and 0.63%, respectively. In the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the labor force, capital, and intermediate input of each province’s energy industry were misallocated to a different extent. According to the trend of resource input in the energy industry of various provinces and cities, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River also show different characteristics

Digital Economy, Factor Allocation Efficiency of Dual-Economy and Urban-Rural Income Gap

The digital economy has significant economic structural transformation effects and income distribution effects. This article analyzed the impacts and mechanisms of digital economy development on the efficiency of dual-economic factor allocation and the urban–rural income gap from a theoretical perspective, empirically tested by using China’s provincial panel data from 2008 to 2017 and a bidirectional fixed effects model. It was found that the development of the digital economy has significantly improved the efficiency of factor allocation in the dual-economy, which has a significant improvement effect on the allocation efficiency of capital and labor. The development of the digital economy alleviates the problem of surplus labor factors and insufficient capital input in the agricultural sector by promoting nonagricultural employment and the flow of capital factors to the agricultural sector. The development of the digital economy can significantly reduce the urban–rural income gap by improving the efficiency of factor allocation in the dual-economy. The main contribution of this article is verifying that the flow of production factors triggered by the digital economy has a configuration efficiency improvement effect and further extending the economic structure effect of the digital economy to the field of distribution, examining the feasible path of optimizing the income distribution pattern of the digital economy

Effects of vinyl ethylene carbonate additive on elevated-temperature performance of cathode material in lithium ion batteries

The addition of 2% vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) into LiPF6/EC + DMC electrolyte can significantly improve the cyclic performance of a LiNi0.8Co0.2O2/Li cell at elevated temperatures such as 50 degrees C. In situ electrochemical mass spectrometry (EMS) was used to investigate the gas evolution spectroscopy in the cell during a charge/discharge process with and without VEC additive. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were also carried out to investigate the reactions between various electrolyte components and VEC without the electrochemical reaction. We propose the possible polymerized products based on the spectroscopy and the acting mechanism of the VEC additives