Strain localisation in mechanically layered rocks beneath detachment zones: insights from numerical modelling.

International audienceFully dynamic numerical simulations have been designed in order to asses how the orientation of mechanical layering in rocks controls the orientation of shear bands and the depth of penetration of strain in the footwall of detachment zones. Two parametric studies are presented. In the first one, the influence of stratification orientation on the occurrence and mode of strain localisation is tested. The second parametric study shows that results are length-scale independent and that orientation of shear bands is not sensitive to the viscosity contrast or the strain rate. Based on the results, a conceptual model for strain localisation under detachment faults is presented. In the early stages, strain localisation occurs at slow rates by viscous shear instabilities but as the layered media is exhumed, the temperature drops and the strong layers start yielding plastically, forming shear bands and localising strain at the top of the shear zone. Once strain localisation has occured, the deformation in the shear band becomes extremely penetrative but the strength cannot drop since the shear zone has a finite thickness

Analyse de la variabilité climatique dans le bassin versant agricole du Bandama Blanc, Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire

La population dans le bassin versant du Bandama blanc au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire est à majorité rurale et vit essentiellement de l’agriculture. Ce travail analyse les tendances des variables hydro-climatiques du bassin et leurs niveaux de significativité. Les méthodes utilisées sont l’indice standardisé et le test statistique non paramétrique de Mann-Kendall. Les résultats révèlent une tendance à la baisse, bien que peu significative, de la pluviométrie annuelle. Alors que, les précipitations de la saison pluvieuse et du mois le plus pluvieux ont fortement baissé. On constate une tendance à la hausse significative de la température et de l’évapotranspiration potentielle, alors que les écoulements sont en forte baisse. Ces changements dans les séries hydro-climatiques se sont produits dans les années 1970 et 1980. Cette étude se différencie de celles déjà réalisées sur la variabilité climatique au Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire, par les tests statistiques utilisés et la détermination du niveau de significativité des tendances dans les variables hydro-climatiques

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Albitization as record of the Triassic Paleosurface in the Sudetic Crystalline basement (Poland).

International audienc

Restitution de la paléosurface triasique par datation des ré-aimantations inscrites dans les massifs paléozoïques européens

International audienc

Albitization and oxidation of Variscan granitoid rocks related to the post-Variscan paleosurface in the Sudetes (Bohemian Massif, SW Poland)

Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum ResponsablesObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables::12.2 - Per a 2030, assolir la gestió sostenible i l’ús eficient dels recursos naturalsPostprint (author's final draft