Emotional brain network decoded by biological spiking neural network

IntroductionEmotional disorders are essential manifestations of many neurological and psychiatric diseases. Nowadays, researchers try to explore bi-directional brain-computer interface techniques to help the patients. However, the related functional brain areas and biological markers are still unclear, and the dynamic connection mechanism is also unknown.MethodsTo find effective regions related to different emotion recognition and intervention, our research focuses on finding emotional EEG brain networks using spiking neural network algorithm with binary coding. We collected EEG data while human participants watched emotional videos (fear, sadness, happiness, and neutrality), and analyzed the dynamic connections between the electrodes and the biological rhythms of different emotions.ResultsThe analysis has shown that the local high-activation brain network of fear and sadness is mainly in the parietal lobe area. The local high-level brain network of happiness is in the prefrontal-temporal lobe-central area. Furthermore, the α frequency band could effectively represent negative emotions, while the α frequency band could be used as a biological marker of happiness. The decoding accuracy of the three emotions reached 86.36%, 95.18%, and 89.09%, respectively, fully reflecting the excellent emotional decoding performance of the spiking neural network with self- backpropagation.DiscussionThe introduction of the self-backpropagation mechanism effectively improves the performance of the spiking neural network model. Different emotions exhibit distinct EEG networks and neuro-oscillatory-based biological markers. These emotional brain networks and biological markers may provide important hints for brain-computer interface technique exploration to help related brain disease recovery

High-Performance Self-Powered Photodetectors Based on ZnO/ZnS Core-Shell Nanorod Arrays

In recent years, there is an urgent demand for high-performance ultraviolet photodetectors with high photosensitivity, fast responsivity, and excellent spectral selectivity. In this letter, we report a self-powered photoelectrochemical cell-type UV detector using the ZnO/ZnS core-shell nanorod array as the active photoanode and deionized water as the electrolyte. This photodetector demonstrates an excellent spectral selectivity and a rapid photoresponse time of about 0.04 s. And the maximum responsivity is more than 0.056 (A/W) at 340 nm, which shows an improvement of 180 % compared to detectors based on the bare ZnO nanorods. This improved photoresponsivity can be understood from the step-like band energy alignment of the ZnO/ZnS interface, which will accelerate the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs and improve the efficiency of the photodetector. Considering its uncomplicated low-cost fabrication process, and environment-friendly feature, this self-powered device is a promising candidate for UV detector application

CdS Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Nano-Branched TiO2 Arrays

Nano-branched rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays were grown on F:SnO2 conductive glass (FTO) by a facile, two-step wet chemical synthesis process at low temperature. The length of the nanobranches was tailored by controlling the growth time, after which CdS quantum dots were deposited on the nano-branched TiO2 arrays using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method to make a photoanode for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). The photovoltaic properties of the CdS-sensitized nano-branched TiO2 solar cells were studied systematically. A short-circuit current intensity of approximately 7 mA/cm2 and a light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 0.95% were recorded for cells based on optimized nano-branched TiO2 arrays, indicating an increase of 138% compared to those based on unbranched TiO2 nanorod arrays. The improved performance is attributed to a markedly enlarged surface area provided by the nanobranches and better electron conductivity in the one-dimensional, well-aligned TiO2 nanorod trunk

Magnetite in Muong Nong‐Type Australasian Tektites From South China

Abstract South China belongs to the northern geographic branch of the Australasian strewn field (AASF) of tektites and microtektites, and this area is assumed to be part of the uprange region of the putative impactor trajectory that formed the yet undiscovered source crater. Ferromagnetic minerals in impact glass may record the magnetization process and thermal history of impact melt, but the possible identity of ferromagnetic minerals in AASF tektites from South China is elusive. Here, we perform a rock magnetism and crystallography study of iron‐sulfur spherules in Muong Nong‐type tektites from South China, revealing abundant single‐domain and pseudo single‐domain nano‐grains of magnetite within the spherules. This result is consistent with the detection of magnetic signals caused by single‐domain and pseudo single‐domain magnetite in these samples. Compared to the large value ranges of magnetic properties of tektites in the entire strewn field, individual specimens of both Muong Nong‐type and single splash‐form tektites have relatively homogeneous magnetic properties in terms of magnetic susceptibility, natural remanent magnetization (NRM), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) and NRM/SIRM ratio. The results indicate that the impact melt that formed each tektite specimen experienced similar thermal history, and most AASF tektites from South China were cooled in an ambient magnetic field that is the same order of magnitude as the Earth's magnetic field

Iron-rich grain-decorated Depressions on Surfaces of Lunar Impact Glasses

<p>The dataset includes the semi-quantitative values and EDS spectra of constitutions of iron-rich grain-decorated depressions on surfaces of Chang'E-5 impact glass particles. Semi-quantitative values were classified by ultra-thin sections, and EDS spectra were marked by sampling sites.</p&gt

ZnO Nanosheet Arrays Constructed on Weaved Titanium Wire for CdS-Sensitized Solar Cells

Ordered ZnO nanosheet arrays were grown on weaved titanium wires by a low-temperature hydrothermal method. CdS nanoparticles were deposited onto the ZnO nanosheet arrays using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method to make a photoanode. Nanoparticle-sensitized solar cells were assembled using these CdS/ZnO nanostructured photoanodes, and their photovoltaic performance was studied systematically. The best light-to-electricity conversion efficiency was obtained to be 2.17% under 100 mW/cm/cm2 illumination, and a remarkable shortcircuit photocurrent density of approximately 20.1 mA/cm2 was recorded, which could attribute to the relatively direct pathways for transportation of electrons provided by ZnO nanosheet arrays as well as the direct contact between ZnO and weaved titanium wires. These results indicate that CdS/ZnO nanostructures on weaved titanium wires would open a novel possibility for applications of low-cost solar cells

Occurrence Status and Influencing Factors of Cognitive Dysfunction in Population Aged 60 and Above

Background With the accelerated aging process, the incidence of dementia is increasing year by year, but there is no effective cure and the prognosis is poor. The cognitive function is still plastic during subjective cognitive decline (SCD) , which as a preclinical stage of dementia, it is of great significance for the prevention and management of dementia to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of SCD. Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of SCD, MCI and dementia in population aged 60 and above in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Methods From June 2021 to September 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1 120 objects in 21 neighborhood councils and 17 village committees randomly selected from 3 banner counties (Hondlon District, Jiuyuan District and Guyang County) of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region by using the combination of multistage sampling, cluster sampling and random sampling. General information of the study subjects were collected by questionnaire and their cognitive function was assessed. According to cognitive function, the study subjects were divided into the normal group (n=206) , SCD group (n=491) , MCI group (n=320) and dementia group (n=103) . Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function. Results The median age of the study subjects was 68.0 (63.0, 73.0) years and the median number of years of education was 9.0 (5.0, 11.4) years. Absence of spouse〔OR=2.542, 95%CI (1.139, 5.674) , P=0.023〕, obesity〔OR=6.058, 95%CI (2.281, 16.093) , P<0.001〕, predominant vegetarian type of diet〔OR=3.037, 95%CI (1.868, 4.936) , P<0.001〕, nightly sleep duration <6 hours〔OR=1.662, 95%CI (1.099, 2.516) , P=0.016〕, smoking history〔OR=1.971, 95%CI (1.231, 3.157) , P=0.005〕, diabetes history〔OR=1.975, 95%CI (1.140, 3.422) , P=0.015〕, coronary heart disease history〔OR=3.501, 95%CI (1.016, 12.062) , P=0.047〕, and vision loss history〔OR=2.454, 95%CI (1.638, 3.677) , P<0.001〕were risk factor for the prevalence of SCD in population aged 60 and above. Rural residence〔OR=2.636, 95%CI (1.231, 5.641) , P=0.013〕, absence of spouse〔OR=2.843, 95%CI (1.228, 6.582) , P=0.015〕, obesity〔OR=5.626, 95%CI (2.046, 15.475) , P=0.001〕, predominant vegetarian type of diet〔OR=3.832, 95%CI (2.212, 6.640) , P<0.001〕, predominant meat type of diet〔OR=2.619, 95%CI (1.536, 4.465) , P<0.001〕, smoking history〔OR=1.912, 95%CI (1.133, 3.227) , P=0.015〕, diabetes history〔OR=2.544, 95%CI (1.378, 4.697) , P=0.003〕, coronary heart disease history〔OR=3.945, 95%CI (1.110, 14.016) , P=0.034〕, and vision loss history〔OR=2.846, 95%CI (1.780, 4.551) , P<0.001〕were risk factors for the prevalence of MCI in population aged 60 and above, education level of junior high school〔OR=0.180, 95%CI (0.103, 0.314) , P<0.001〕, high school and above〔OR=0.075, 95%CI (0.041, 0.136) , P<0.001〕were protective factors for MCI in population aged 60 and above. Rural residence〔OR=5.511, 95%CI (2.306, 13.170) , P<0.001〕, absence of spouse〔OR=2.987, 95%CI (1.152, 7.746) , P=0.024〕, obesity〔OR=7.303, 95%CI (2.436, 21.890) , P<0.001〕, predominant vegetarian type of diet〔OR=7.025, 95%CI (3.626, 13.609) , P<0.001〕, predominant meat type of diet〔OR=2.255, 95%CI (1.102, 4.616) , P=0.026〕, nightly sleep duration<6 hours〔OR=2.164, 95%CI (1.206, 3.883) , P=0.010〕, smoking history〔OR=2.661, 95%CI (1.415, 5.004) , P=0.002〕, diabetes history〔OR=2.186, 95%CI (1.033, 4.624) , P=0.041〕, coronary heart disease history〔OR=6.830, 95%CI (1.809, 25.783) , P=0.005〕and vision loss history〔OR=3.267, 95%CI (1.785, 5.979) , P<0.001〕were risk factors for the prevalence of dementia in population aged 60 and above. Age 60-69 years〔OR=0.211, 95%CI (0.074, 0.597) , P=0.003〕, 70-79 years〔OR=0.218, 95%CI (0.077, 0.620) , P=0.004〕, education level of junior high school〔OR=0.473, 95%CI (0.229, 0.977) , P=0.043〕, high school and above〔OR=0.227, 95%CI (0.105, 0.493) , P<0.001〕were protective factors for the prevalence of dementia in population aged 60 and above. Conclusion The prevalence rates of SCD, MCI and dementia among the older adults aged 60 and above in Baotou region of Inner Mongolia is at a high national level. Rural residents, old age, absence spouse, low education level, obesity, predominant vegetarian or meat type of diet, sleep less than 6 hours per night, smoking, diabetes, coronary heart disease and vision loss are the main risk factors of the prevalence of SCD, MCI and dementia among the older adults in this region

Sequence-admittance-based stability analysis for multiple parallel converters

With the development of energy storage system, the voltage-controlled converters (VCCs) that can achieve voltage and frequency support have become hot spots in both theory and practice. Therefore, apart from the traditional multiple parallel current-controlled converters (CCCs), multiple parallel VCCs and multiple parallel hybrid-controlled converters (HCCs) consisting of both the CCCs and VCCs have emerged, which makes stability issues of multi-converter grid-connected systems more complex. To cope with stability concerns related to different kinds of multiple parallel converter systems, this paper analyzes the interactive process of circuit-coupling and frequency-coupling among grid-connected converters and develops equivalent sequence-admittance-based stability analysis models. Based on the proposed models, stability recognition of grid-connected CCCs, VCCs and HCCs are derived. Finally, the effectiveness of the built models and the correctness of the stability analysis results are verified by experiments