Cross-sectional associations (regression coefficients (b) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) between weekday, weekend day and average sleep duration and BMI and WC in schoolchildren across Europe.

<p>Model 1: Adjusted for age, gender, parental BMI, parental education, parental employment, biological background of the parents, family composition, home-situation, television in bedroom and set daily routine for bedtime;</p><p>Model 2: Additionally adjusted for frequency of taking breakfast, sugared drink consumption, physical activity and screen time;</p><p>Model 3: Additionally adjusted for weekend (A) or week (B) sleep duration.</p><p>Note that model 3 was not run for average sleep duration, since it comprises both weekday and weekend day sleep duration.</p>*<p> = Significant association between weekday or weekend day sleep duration (hr) and BMI/WC.</p

Regresion coefficients (B) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as results from the mediation analyses in the association between language spoken at home (non-native = 0, native = 1) and BMI (kg/m²)/WC (cm) in Greek simple.

*<p>Models adjusted for age and gender.</p>†<p>Models adjusted for age, gender and parental education level.</p><p>path a, b,c c’refer to the paths depicted in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071848#pone-0071848-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.</p><p><b>Statistically significant associations are shown in bold.</b></p

Analysis of association of rs652722 with daily caloric intake in the Greek cohort.

<p><i>β</i> - regression coefficient. MAF – minor allele frequency. HWE – Hardy Weinberg equilibrium deviation test presented as p-value. *p<0.05.</p><p>Linear regression was used to analyze association with phenotypic traits. Models were adjusted for BMI z-score, gender, age and pubertal development (tanner stage).</p

Descriptive characteristics of the cohorts of Greek and Swedish children and adolescents.

<p>Descriptive characteristics of the cohorts of Greek and Swedish children and adolescents.</p

Association of SNPs with HOMA-IR in the Greek cohort.

<p><i>β</i> - regression coefficient. MAF – minor allele frequency. HWE – Hardy Weinberg equilibrium deviation test presented as p-value. *p<0.05, **p<0.005.</p><p>Linear regression was used to analyze association with phenotypic traits. Models were adjusted for BMI z-score, gender, age and pubertal development (tanner stage).</p

Study participant characteristics (mean (SD)).

a<p>Divergent number of participants:</p><p>WC: N = 2658 for boys and N = 3088 for girls; Weekday sleep duration: N = 2654 for boys and N = 3079 for girls; Weekend day sleep duration: N = 2574 for boys and N = 2966 for girls; Average sleep duration: N = 2566 for boys and 2950 for girls.</p>b<p>Overweight only.</p>c<p><i>P</i>≤0.001 for sex difference.</p>d<p><i>P</i>≤0.05 for sex difference.</p

Mediation mode.

<p>X: predictor variable; Y: outcome variable; M: mediator variable; a path: association between predictor (X) and potential mediator (M); b path: association between potential mediator (M) and outcome variable (Y); c: overall association between predictor variable (X) and outcome variable (Y); c’: direct effect (unmediated) of predictor variable (X) on outcome variable (Y).</p

Prevalence rates of sleep duration (%) across European countries.

<p>Prevalence rates of sleep duration (%) across European countries.</p

Characteristics of participants.

*<p>Student’s t-test (age, BMI, weight) and Pearson Chi-Square (% males, % parental education).</p

Means and SD for dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviors in the Greek and Dutch samples, for native and non-native children based on language spoken at home.

*<p>P<0.05;</p>**<p>P<0.01;</p>***<p>P<0.001 native significantly lower than non-native, adjusted for age and gender.</p>∧<p>P<0.05;</p>∧∧<p>P<0.01;</p>∧∧∧<p>P<0.001 non-native significantly lower than native, adusted for age and gender.</p