NETs under scanning electron microscopy.

<p>NETs induced by PMA (A and B), cKP (3 isolates, C and D), and HvKP-K1 (3 isolates, E and F). More cKP (C) than HvKP-K1 (E) were trapped in NETs by magnification of 5K. The pores (indicated by white arrows) on the surface of cKP, but not on the surface of HvKP-K1 were observed by magnification of 20K (D and F). Bacteria were indicated by black arrows.</p

Phagocytosis of neutrophils against HvKP-K1, HvKP-K2 and cKP.

<p>The rate of phagocytosis against cKP (15 isolates) was higher than that against HvKP-K1 (16 isolates) or HvKP-K2 (14 isolates) at 10, 30, 60 min. The mean ± standard deviation (S.D.) of each group at each time point was calculated respectively. Statistics was performed using one-way analysis of variance for each time point. Differences between groups were assessed by <i>t</i> test. At 10, 30, 60 min, HvKP-K1 vs. cKP or HvKP-K2 vs. cKP: p < 0.05.</p

Survival of cKP, HvKP-K1 and HvKP-K2 within human neutrophils.

<p>The survival index was calculated with the equation described in the method. The survival index of cKP (15 isolates) was lower than that of HvKP-K1 (16 isolates) or HvKP-K2 (14 isolates). Each strain was repeated twice and averaged. Then the mean ± standard deviation (S.D.) of each group was calculated. Statistics was performed using one-way analysis of variance. Differences between groups were assessed by <i>t</i> test. HvKP-K1 vs. cKP or HvKP-K2 vs. cKP: p < 0.001.</p

Immunofluorescence staining under confocal microscopy.

<p>Neutrophils challenged by cKP (9 isolates, A-D) and HvKP-K1 (9 isolates, E-H) were stained for DNA (DAPI, blue, A and E), myeloperoxidase (MPO, red, B and F) and citrullinated histone H3 (cit-H3, green, C and G). The merged images of cKP (D) and HvKP-K1 (H) illustrated the characteristic neutrophil extracellular traps. Original magnification 40×.</p

DataSheet1_Development and performance of a clear aligner film loaded with sustained release hydrogen peroxide gel.ZIP

Introduction: Clear aligner treatment (CAT) has become popular over recent years because it is both comfortable and aesthetically acceptable. However, most of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment request dental bleaching. A safe and controlled bleaching treatment at the same time as the clear aligner treatment can save time and improve patient satisfaction with the outcome of the treatment.Aim: This study was aimed to develop a thermoforming film loaded with hydrogen peroxide as a clear aligner and detect its efficiency on teeth blenching and its influence on shear bonding strength for attachment.Methods: The thermoforming film loaded with sodium alginate-dopamine/Mesoporous silica nanoparticles compound gel was immersed in 6 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution and the hydrogen peroxide was loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticle channels by capillary action. Then, a thermoforming film loaded with sustained-release hydrogen peroxide gel was made. Six dentition models were prepared with 90 isolated human premolars and divided into the experiment group, the condition control group and the blank control group, respectively. Then, the experiment group wore the clear aligner made by the thermoforming film loaded with hydrogen peroxide for 40 days; the conditional control group wore the clear aligner made by the ordinary thermoforming film for 40 days; and the blank control group wore no clear aligner. The aligners were updated every 10 days and the color of teeth was measured every 10 days. Tooth color should be determined by specific parameters (L, a* and b*). What’s more, in order to determine the influence of the thermoforming film loaded with sustained-release hydrogen peroxide gel on shear bonding strength for attachment. The shear bonding strength of attachment of isolated premolars were measured.Results: Isolated premolars treated by bleaching experiments showed an increase in L value (ΔL = 7.76 ± 0.64) and a decrease in both a* (Δa = −0.82 ± 0.12) and b* (Δb = −3.10 ± 0.21) values. However, the isolated premolars in conditional control group and blank control group exhibited that an decrease in L value (ΔLCCG = −0.91 ± 0.24; ΔLBCG = −0.86 ± 0.15)and a increase in both a* (ΔaCCG = 0.19 ± 0.05; ΔaBCG = 0.18 ± 0.04) and b* (ΔbCCG = 0.43 ± 0.11; ΔbBCG = 0.31 ± 0.10) value. While the shear bonding strength for attachment after bleaching was 22.78 ± 2.28 MPa, which had no significant change compared with the shear bonding strength for attachment without bleaching experiment (22.21 ± 2.77 MPa) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A thermoforming film featuring the sustained release of hydrogen peroxide had a good bleaching effect on isolated teeth and had no significant influence on the shear bonding strength for attachment.</p

The date, frequency and location of emergence of OXAKp strains with different PFGE types.

<p>The horizontal coordinate shows the date on which OXAKp strains were recovered. The wards were listed in the longitudinal coordinate. SICU: surgical ICU; RICU: respiratory ICU; GAS: gastroenterology department; HEM: hematology department; CAR: cardiovascular department. Clinical isolates with different PFGE types are indicated by various symbols: ●: type A;■: type B; <b>▲</b>: type C; ◆: type D.</p

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of OXA-48-producing <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolates.

<p>Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of OXA-48-producing <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolates.</p