A systematic review of safety and efficacy of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for biliary and gallbladder cancers

AbstractObjectivesTo review the evidence on the safety and efficacy of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for biliary and gallbladder cancers.MethodsMedline and EMBASE were systematically searched for papers of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy in patients with biliary and gallbladder cancers.ResultsEighteen studies involving 397 patients were reviewed. Major hepatectomy was undertaken in 81.3% of the 397 patients and the R0 resection rate was 71.3%. The morbidity and mortality rates were 78.9% and 10.3%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate ranged from 3% to 50% (median = 31%). The 5-year survival rate in patients who underwent curative resection was 18–68.8% (median = 51.3%), and 0% in patients who received non-curative resection.ConclusionsHepatopancreatoduodenectomy is a challenging procedure with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, this procedure can provide a chance of long-term survival in patients in whom curative resection is feasible

Research and experimental verification on low-frequency long-range underwater sound propagation dispersion characteristics under dual-channel sound speed profiles in the Chukchi Plateau

The dual-channel sound speed profiles of the Chukchi Plateau and the Canadian Basin have become current research hotspots due to their excellent low-frequency sound signal propagation ability. Previous research has mainly focused on using sound propagation theory to explain the changes in sound signal energy. This article is mainly based on the theory of normal modes to study the fine structure of low-frequency wide-band sound propagation dispersion under dual-channel sound speed profiles. In this paper, the problem of the intersection of normal mode dispersion curves caused by the dual-channel sound speed profile (SSP) has been explained, the blocking effect of seabed terrain changes on dispersion structures has been analyzed, and the normal modes has been separated by using modified warping operator. The above research results have been verified through a long-range seismic exploration experiment at the Chukchi Plateau. At the same time, based on the acoustic signal characteristics in this environment, two methods for estimating the distance of sound sources have been proposed, and the experiment data at sea has also verified these two methods.Comment: 30 pages, 18 figure

Research and experimental verification on low-frequency long-range sound propagation characteristics under ice-covered and range-dependent marine environment in the Arctic

At present, research on sound propagation under the Arctic ice mainly focuses on modeling and experimental verification of sound propagation under sea ice cover and unique sound velocity profiles. Among them, the main research object of concern is sound transmission loss, and this article will delve into the time-domain waveform and fine dispersion structure of low-frequency broadband acoustic signals. Firstly, based on the theory of normal modes, this article derives the horizontal wavenumber expression and warping transformation operator for refractive normal modes in the Arctic deep-sea environment. Subsequently, based on measured ocean environmental parameters and sound field simulation calculations, this article studied the general laws of low-frequency long-range sound propagation signals in the Arctic deep-sea environment, and elucidated the impact mechanism of environmental factors such as seabed terrain changes, horizontal changes in sound velocity profiles (SSPs), and sea ice cover on low-frequency long-range sound propagation in the Arctic. This article validates the above research viewpoint through a sound propagation experiment conducted in the Arctic with a propagation distance exceeding 1000km. The marine environment of this experiment has obvious horizontal variation characteristics. At the same time, this article takes the lead in utilizing the warping transformation of refractive normal waves in the Arctic waters to achieve single hydrophone based separation of normal waves and extraction of dispersion structures, which is conducive to future research on underwater sound source localization and environmental parameter inversion based on dispersion structures.Comment: 46 pages, 35 figure

Influence of viral hepatitis status on prognosis in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The influence of viral hepatitis status on prognosis in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a matter of debate. This study is a meta-analysis of the available evidence.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A literature search was performed to identify comparative studies reporting postoperative survival of HCC in different types of viral hepatitis. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using either the fixed effects model or random effects model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty studies matched the selection criteria and reported on 4744 subjects, of whom 2008 in the HBV-positive (B-HCC) group, 2222 in the HCV-positive (C-HCC) group, and 514 in the hepatitis B- and C-negative (NBNC-HCC). Meta-analysis showed that patients with HBV or HCV infection had a worse 5-year disease-free survival when compared to patients with NBNC-HCC (respectively: OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.53, P < 0.001; WMD: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.64, P < 0.001). There was a tendency toward higher 5-year overall survival rates in the NBNC-HCC group compared to those in the other two groups, although these differences were not statistically significant. Both the 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival were not different among the B-HCC and C-HCC groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Patients with positive serology for hepatitis B or C undergoing resection for HCC had a poor prognosis compared to patients with negative serology.</p

Surgical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with biliary tumor thrombi

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To investigate the surgical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with biliary tumor thrombi (BTT).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Surgical outcome of 27 HCC patients with BTT (group I) were compared with randomly selected HCC patients without BTT (group II; n = 270).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>One patient in group I died of hepatic failure within 30 days after resection. The 1-, 3- and 5-year cumulative survival rates of group I were 70.3%, 25.9%, and 7.4%, respectively; these were significantly lower than those of group II (90.6%, 54.0%, and 37.7%) (<it>P <</it>0.001). The rates of early recurrence (≤ 1 year) after resection were significantly higher in group I than group II (70.3% vs. 34.8%) (<it>P </it>< 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HCC patients with BTT had a worse prognosis after resection than those without BTT. Resection should be considered for these tumors given the lack of effective alternative therapies.</p

PARAGEN : A Parallel Generation Toolkit

PARAGEN is a PyTorch-based NLP toolkit for further development on parallel generation. PARAGEN provides thirteen types of customizable plugins, helping users to experiment quickly with novel ideas across model architectures, optimization, and learning strategies. We implement various features, such as unlimited data loading and automatic model selection, to enhance its industrial usage. ParaGen is now deployed to support various research and industry applications at ByteDance. PARAGEN is available at https://github.com/bytedance/ParaGen.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, 6 table

FEM/Wideband FMBEM coupling based on subdivision isogeometry for structural-acoustic design sensitivity analysis

A computer simulation approach known as the isogeometric (IGA) method may directly use the surface information of geometric model. In 3D computer graphics, Loop subdivision surfaces are a common method for creating complicated shapes. In this study, we propose a coupling algorithm that utilizes Loop subdivision surfaces and a direct differentiation method for the computation of acoustic-fluid-structure interaction and the performance of structural-acoustic sensitivity analysis. This algorithm combines the finite element method (FEM) and wideband fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM). Because of that the proposed method is of a great ability of integrating the numerical calculation and computer-aided modeling, the current technique can deliver results quickly and accurately. The numerical prediction of the effects of vibrating structures with arbitrary shape within sound field is made feasible by the FEM/Wideband FMBEM technique. Calculation examples are provided to show the applicability and effectiveness of the suggested method