The curious case of offset bars : markers for a baby galaxy disk or signposts of an interaction with dark matter sub halos?

>Magister Scientiae - MScWe have used the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S⁴G) as a representative sample of the local universe (total of 2352 galaxies in S⁴G) to make a catalog of offset disk barred galaxies. Using the combined variation of the position angle and the ellipticity (provided by ellipse fit) and also through visual inspection, we have been able to identify all offset structures in S⁴G. While primary bars are present in 2=3 of the disk galaxies in the visible universe, offset bars have a much lower fraction. Of the ̴ 1500 (3.6µm images) disk galaxies available in S⁴G, we classified only 49 as offset barred disk galaxies. We have determined basic properties (bar to total luminosity ratio, bar length, disk scale-length and bars of offset bars shape) using GALFIT, a widely used galaxy decomposition software package. Our main conclusion is that all the offset bars are boxy, independent of their offset from the galaxy center, or the mass of the host galaxy. Additionally we find that, the early type offset bars seem to be more boxy than the late types. The comparison of our offset sample with two other samples, respectively, low mass and high mass normal barred galaxies ("normal" for bars located at the photometric center of the host galaxy), reveals them to be at an intermediate position between the two normal samples. The bar length, disk scale-length and bar to total luminosity ratio are on average larger than the low mass normal and smaller than high mass normal barred galaxies. We have found, overall, a tighter correlation between the disk and bar properties for offset bars in comparison to the two normal samples. Our explanation is that, although the offset has no visible impact on the global shape of the bars, the process responsible for these disturbances seems to affect the star formation rate such that their disk and bars are on average more active than the normal barred galaxies in the same mass range, but not enough to surpass normal barred galaxies with much higher mass

sj-xlsx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231203801 - Supplemental material for Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the media Health Literacy Questionnaire: A validation study

Supplemental material, sj-xlsx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231203801 for Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the media Health Literacy Questionnaire: A validation study by Wenbo Li, Yanli Zhang, Jiaqing Liang and Hongyu Yu in DIGITAL HEALTH</p

Appendix A. Tables showing mean post-treatment abundances of the twenty most abundant arthropod taxa on Douglas-fir by functional group in each of the six green-tree retention treatments, on Douglas-fir by functional group on edge and interior trees in aggregated retention treatments, on vine maple by functional group in each of the six green-tree retention treatments, and on vine maple by functional group on edge and interior trees in aggregated retention treatments.

Tables showing mean post-treatment abundances of the twenty most abundant arthropod taxa on Douglas-fir by functional group in each of the six green-tree retention treatments, on Douglas-fir by functional group on edge and interior trees in aggregated retention treatments, on vine maple by functional group in each of the six green-tree retention treatments, and on vine maple by functional group on edge and interior trees in aggregated retention treatments

sj-docx-2-dhj-10.1177_20552076231203801 - Supplemental material for Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the media Health Literacy Questionnaire: A validation study

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-dhj-10.1177_20552076231203801 for Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the media Health Literacy Questionnaire: A validation study by Wenbo Li, Yanli Zhang, Jiaqing Liang and Hongyu Yu in DIGITAL HEALTH</p

Table_2_The transcultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Attitudes Toward Recognizing Early and Noticeable Deterioration scale.docx

BackgroundIn China, clinical deterioration events present a real problem for every clinical nurse. Patient deterioration is determined in part by nurses’ attitudes toward early recognition of clinical deterioration. However, research on attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration is still in its infancy, and even less research has been done on ward nurses’ attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration. To drive behavioral change and improve the care of deteriorating patients, nurses need comprehensive, valid, and reliable tools to assess their attitudes toward early identification of deterioration.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to translate the Attitudes Toward Recognizing Early and Noticeable Deterioration (ATREND) scale into Chinese and to assess its validity and reliability tests.MethodsFrom March 2022 to July 2022, the ATREND scale was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted into the Chinese version using a modified Brislin translation model. Then, 460 ward nurses were recruited from tertiary Grade A general hospitals in two cities: Shenyang and Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, China. Reliability analyses were conducted using internal consistency, split-half, and test–retest reliability. We convened a committee of experts to determine the validity of the content. Tests of the structural validity of the scale were conducted using exploratory and validation factor analyses.ResultsThe Cronbach’s α value of the Chinese version of the ATREND scale was 0.804, and the Cronbach’s α value of the dimensions ranged from 0.782 to 0.863. The split-half reliability and test–retest reliability were 0.846 and 0.711, respectively. Furthermore, the scale has an index of content validity of 0.922, indicating a high level of content validity. In exploratory factor analysis, eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot supported a three-factor structure. The three-factor model supported by this study was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Moreover, the model fitting indexes (e.g., χ2/DF = 1.498, GFI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.047) were all within acceptable limits based on the CFA.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the scale is reliable and valid among ward nurses. Nursing educators and clinicians will be able to develop targeted educational programs to enhance the competence and behaviors of Chinese ward nurses in recognizing clinical deterioration. It will be based on the developed scale to assess Chinese nurses’ attitudes and practices regarding early recognition of clinical deterioration. As a result, it is necessary to consider the Chinese scale’s three-factor structure. The developed three-factor structured scale will assess Chinese ward nurses’ attitudes and practices toward patient observation and vital sign-monitoring empowerment, enlightening them on the importance of patient observation, encouraging ward nurses to use a wider range of patient assessment techniques to capture early signs of clinical deterioration, and helping ward nurses to develop clinical confidence to monitor clinical deterioration.</p

Table_1_The transcultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Attitudes Toward Recognizing Early and Noticeable Deterioration scale.docx

BackgroundIn China, clinical deterioration events present a real problem for every clinical nurse. Patient deterioration is determined in part by nurses’ attitudes toward early recognition of clinical deterioration. However, research on attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration is still in its infancy, and even less research has been done on ward nurses’ attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration. To drive behavioral change and improve the care of deteriorating patients, nurses need comprehensive, valid, and reliable tools to assess their attitudes toward early identification of deterioration.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to translate the Attitudes Toward Recognizing Early and Noticeable Deterioration (ATREND) scale into Chinese and to assess its validity and reliability tests.MethodsFrom March 2022 to July 2022, the ATREND scale was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted into the Chinese version using a modified Brislin translation model. Then, 460 ward nurses were recruited from tertiary Grade A general hospitals in two cities: Shenyang and Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, China. Reliability analyses were conducted using internal consistency, split-half, and test–retest reliability. We convened a committee of experts to determine the validity of the content. Tests of the structural validity of the scale were conducted using exploratory and validation factor analyses.ResultsThe Cronbach’s α value of the Chinese version of the ATREND scale was 0.804, and the Cronbach’s α value of the dimensions ranged from 0.782 to 0.863. The split-half reliability and test–retest reliability were 0.846 and 0.711, respectively. Furthermore, the scale has an index of content validity of 0.922, indicating a high level of content validity. In exploratory factor analysis, eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot supported a three-factor structure. The three-factor model supported by this study was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Moreover, the model fitting indexes (e.g., χ2/DF = 1.498, GFI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.047) were all within acceptable limits based on the CFA.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the scale is reliable and valid among ward nurses. Nursing educators and clinicians will be able to develop targeted educational programs to enhance the competence and behaviors of Chinese ward nurses in recognizing clinical deterioration. It will be based on the developed scale to assess Chinese nurses’ attitudes and practices regarding early recognition of clinical deterioration. As a result, it is necessary to consider the Chinese scale’s three-factor structure. The developed three-factor structured scale will assess Chinese ward nurses’ attitudes and practices toward patient observation and vital sign-monitoring empowerment, enlightening them on the importance of patient observation, encouraging ward nurses to use a wider range of patient assessment techniques to capture early signs of clinical deterioration, and helping ward nurses to develop clinical confidence to monitor clinical deterioration.</p

Stereoselective Synthesis of (+)-Annuionone A and (−)-Annuionone B

A stereoselective synthetic approach was utilized to synthesize enantiopure annuionones A (<b>1b</b>) and B (<b>2b</b>), two ionone-type norsesquiterpenoids that both bear a 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]­octane framework and possess allelopathic activity. A stereoselective Diels–Alder reaction based on chiral trisubstituted dienophile <b>20</b> was employed to obtain the optically active polysubstituted cyclohexane core of both natural products. Using this approach, (+)-annuionone A (<b>1b</b>) and (−)-annuionone B (<b>2b</b>) were synthesized from lactol (+)-<b>15</b> in 10% overall yield

Surface atomic concentrations of Ti samples subjected to sequential treatment with NaOH, Sr acetate, heat, and water, analyzed by EDX (at.%, x¯±s, n = 3).

<p>Surface atomic concentrations of Ti samples subjected to sequential treatment with NaOH, Sr acetate, heat, and water, analyzed by EDX (at.%, <math><mrow>x<mo>¯</mo><mo>±</mo>s</mrow></math>, n = 3).</p

Images of H₂O droplets pipetted onto the plates and the results of contact angle.

<p>The contact angles of the Sr-modified plates were lower than Ti plates, and the contact angles were reduced by water treatment. (***<i>P</i> < 0.001 vs Ti; ##<i>P</i>< 0.01, ###<i>P</i>< 0.001 vs Sr600; $<i>P</i>< 0.05,$ $$<i>P</i>< 0.01 vs Sr600W; %% <i>P</i>< 0.01 vs Sr700).</p

Concentrations of Sr ions measured by ICP-MS, which was released from the Sr-modified plates between day one and day seven.

<p>Concentrations of Sr ions measured by ICP-MS, which was released from the Sr-modified plates between day one and day seven.</p