Data_Sheet_1_Altruism in nursing from 2012 to 2022: A scoping review.doc

BackgroundBeing a nurse with non-altruistic orientation exists and altruism decline is being challenged as never before, which would be a disaster for medicine if left unnoticed.PurposeTo describe the meaning of altruism and altruistic behaviors in nursing, and to discuss dilemmas we face today.MethodCochrane, PROSPERO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and CNKI were searched for original research published in English or Chinese from 2012 to February 2022.ResultsBy screening 13 studies came from 12 different countries described altruism and altruistic behavior together were included in. Altruism has been described as value, vocation, or professionalism in nursing which can reflect nurses' compassion, level of expertise, and quality of care. Altruistic nursing care, body donation, financial endowment, volunteering, sharing, benefiting patients maximum, and helping colleagues represented most of the altruistic behaviors in nursing. There is a vacant that not any assessment tool designed for measuring altruism in nurse groups. Interventions from curriculums in class and support of organizations with psychological methods could be helpful to improve the nurses' level of altruism.ConclusionAltruism and altruistic behaviors in the past decades were described. A new concept of altruism in nursing was proposed based on the original meaning and the current changes, and interventions for promoting altruism and some of the dilemmas faced today were synthesized.</p

Nature of Chemical Bonding and Metalloaromaticity of Na₂[(MArx′)₃] (M = B, Al, Ga; Arx′ = C₆H₃-2,6-(C₆H₅)₂)

The nature of chemical bonding and metalloaromaticity of Na₂[(MArx′)₃] (M = B, Al, Ga) have been studied within the framework of the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory and using electron localization function (ELF) analysis. The π electrons of the studied systems were separated from the total electron density and analyzed. The calculated results indicate that there are closed-shell weak interactions between the sodium atom and the M₃ (M = B, Al, Ga) ring, between the sodium atom and the terminal phenyl group on each Arx′, and between the terminal phenyl groups on Arx′ in Na₂[(MArx′)₃]. The Na₂[(MArx′)₃] has metalloaromatic nature, and the sodium atoms have an active role in determining the computed aromatic properties of the three-numbered cycle

Metal–Metal and Metal–Ligand Bonds in (η⁵‑C₅H₅)₂M₂ (M = Be, Mg, Ca, Ni, Cu, Zn)

The metal–metal and metal–ligand bonds in a series of binuclear metallocenes (η⁵-C₅H₅)₂M₂ (M = Be, Mg, Ca, Ni, Cu, Zn) have been characterized within the framework of the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory, electron localization function (ELF), and molecular formation density difference (MFDD). The calculated results show that the metal–metal bonds in the binuclear main-group-metal metallocenes are different from those in binuclear transition-metal metallocenes. In binuclear main-group-metal metallocenes, the metal–metal bonds are linked by two metal–“non-nuclear attractor (NNA)” bonds, while such NNAs do not exist in the binuclear transition-metal metallocenes. In addition, the transition-metal–transition-metal bonds are more delocalized than those of the main-group-metal–main-group-metal bonds. The main-group-metal–main-group-metal bonds show covalent characteristics while the transition-metal–transition-metal bonds display “closed shell” ionic characteristics. The metal–ligand bonds are mainly ionic. There are both σ and π characteristics in the metal–ligand interactions, and the π interaction is predominant

Preparation of Curcumin–Piperazine Coamorphous Phase and Fluorescence Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theory Simulation Studies on the Interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin

In the present study, a new coamorphous phase (CAP) of bioactive herbal ingredient curcumin (CUR) with high solubilitythe was screened with pharmaceutically acceptable coformers. Besides, to provide basic information for the best practice of physiological and pharmaceutical preparations of CUR-based CAP, the interaction between CUR-based CAP and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied at the molecular level in this paper. CAP of CUR and piperazine with molar ratio of 1:2 was prepared by EtOH-assisted grinding. The as-prepared CAP was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared, and solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance. The 1:2 CAP stoichioimetry was sustained by CO···H hydrogen bonds between the N–H group of the piperazine and the CO group of CUR; piperazine stabilized the diketo structure of CUR in CAP. The dissolution rate of CUR−piperazine CAP in 30% ethanol−water was faster than that of CUR; the <i>t</i>₅₀ values were 243.1 min for CUR and 4.378 min for CAP. Furthermore, interactions of CUR and CUR–piperazine CAP with BSA were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The binding constants (<i>K</i>_b) of CUR and CUR–piperazine CAP with BSA were 10.0 and 9.1 × 10³ L mol^–1 at 298 K, respectively. Moreover, DFT simulation indicated that the interaction energy values of hydrogen-bonded interaction in the tryptophan-CUR and tryptophan-CUR–piperazine complex were −26.1 and −17.9 kJ mol^–1, respectively. In a conclusion, after formation of CUR–piperazine CAP, the interaction forces between CUR and BSA became weaker