Total flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) effect the expression of CaL-α1C and KATP-Kir6.1 mRNA of the myocardial cell membrane in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia rats

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the impact of total flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) on the expression of vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel alpha1 C subunit (CaL-α1C) and ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP)-Kir6.1 mRNA, and explore the mechanisms of the antiarrhythmic effect of Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) total flavonoids.MethodsThe treatment group was fed total flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) for 7 days by gavage with 100 mg · kg−1 · d−1. The blank control group and model control group were given the same amount of normal saline for 7 d. Arrhythmias were induced by performing a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and electrocardiogram was observed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of CaL-α 1Cand KATP-Kir6.1 mRNA in the myocardial cell membrane of all groups of rats.ResultsTotal flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) can delay the appearance of myocardial ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias, shorten the duration of myocardial ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias, reduce heart rate, reduce cell membrane expression of CaL-α1C mRNA and enhance the expression of KATP-Kir6.1 mRNA in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmic rats.ConclusionTotal flavonoids from Ganshanbian (Herba Hyperici Attenuati) can alleviate arrhythmias by affecting the expression of L-type calcium channels and ATP-sensitive K+ channels

Effect of quercetin on biochemical parameters in letrozoleinduced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats

Purpose: To investigate the effect of quercetin, a natural flavonoid, on biochemical parameters in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in ratsMethods: Oral glucose test was performed with the aid of a glucometer. Estradiol, testosterone and steroidogenic enzyme activities were determined using standard protocols. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were determined by standard methods. Histological analysis was carried out with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.Results: Quercetin exerted protective effects against PCOS in the rat model by enhancing the levels of antioxidant enzymes, viz, CAT, SOD and GPX. Quercetin also prevented weight gain, and caused significant decline in serum glucose levels in PCOS rats. Furthermore, quercetin normalised estradiol and testosterone levels, as well t steroidogenic enzyme activities, but blocked letrozole-induced abnormalities in PCOS. It also exerted protective effects on the anatomy of the ovaries.Conclusion: These results indicate that quercetin exerts protective effects on letrozole-induced PCOS in rats. Thus, quercetin may be an important lead molecule for the treatment of PCOSKeywords: Letrozole, Quercetin, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Oxidative stress, Steroidogenic enzyme

FreeControl: Training-Free Spatial Control of Any Text-to-Image Diffusion Model with Any Condition

Recent approaches such as ControlNet offer users fine-grained spatial control over text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models. However, auxiliary modules have to be trained for each type of spatial condition, model architecture, and checkpoint, putting them at odds with the diverse intents and preferences a human designer would like to convey to the AI models during the content creation process. In this work, we present FreeControl, a training-free approach for controllable T2I generation that supports multiple conditions, architectures, and checkpoints simultaneously. FreeControl designs structure guidance to facilitate the structure alignment with a guidance image, and appearance guidance to enable the appearance sharing between images generated using the same seed. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate the superior performance of FreeControl across a variety of pre-trained T2I models. In particular, FreeControl facilitates convenient training-free control over many different architectures and checkpoints, allows the challenging input conditions on which most of the existing training-free methods fail, and achieves competitive synthesis quality with training-based approaches.Comment: Project Page: https://genforce.github.io/freecontrol