Flow chart illustrating the diagnosis of PSCI.

<p>Flow chart illustrating the diagnosis of PSCI.</p

Location of the study area.

<p>In the 2 areas studied, stroke, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes are classified as community-managed chronic diseases [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0122864#pone.0122864.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0122864#pone.0122864.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>]. This means patients will get higher reimbursement ratio in Community Health Service Centers (CHSCs) (90% to 100% in CHSCs VS 40% in other hospitals) and more convenience for referral to the senior hospitals. So, stroke survivors are obligated to register in CHSCs for primary rehabilitation care. Meanwhile, CHSCs are responsible to report patients with the four chronic diseases to the surveillance center, usually the Center for Disease Control (CDC). We used the registered information in CHSCs and an adequate number of cases was available from the CHSCs in the 2 selected areas.</p

Principal published studies of the prevalence of PSCI.

<p>BDS, Blessed Dementia Scale; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; TIA, transient ischemic attack; PSCI, post-stroke cognitive impairment; VDB, Vascular Dementia Battery;-, No reported.</p><p>Principal published studies of the prevalence of PSCI.</p

Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease: The 9-Year Experience of the Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease, China

<div><p>There are 16.5 million newborns in China annually. However, the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been evaluated. In 2004, we launched an active province-wide hospital-based CHD registry in the Guangdong Province of southern China. In this study, we examined the incidence of CHD and its subtypes from 2004 to 2012 and compared our findings to the literature. Our results indicate there is an increasing trend of CHD incidence. The increase in incidence occurred mainly for single lesion and the most common subtypes (e.g., ventricular or atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus). There were no increases found for multiple lesions or more complex subtypes. The proportion of CHD cases that were detected early (e.g., 1 week) increased over time. The incidence of CHD stabilized in 2010–2012 with the average cumulative incidences of 9.7, 9.9, and 11.1 per 1,000 live births at 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year, respectively. The incidences of CHD subtypes were comparable with recent international results. The data did not support previous reports that Asian children have a higher incidence of pulmonary outflow obstructions and lower incidence of transposition of the great arteries. However, there was a lower incidence of left ventricular outflow tract obstructions observed in our series. The increase in CHD incidence observed over time was due to improved detection and diagnosis. The true incidence of CHD in China was approximately 11.1 per 1,000 live births, which is higher than previously reported.</p></div

Prevalence of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in China: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study

<div><p>International hospital-based studies have indicated a high risk of cognitive impairment after stroke, evidence from community-based studies in China is scarce. To determine the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and its subtypes in stroke survivors residing in selected rural and urban Chinese communities, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in 599 patients accounting for 48% of all stroke survivors registered in the 4 communities, who had suffered confirmed strokes and had undergone cognitive assessments via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Hachinski Ischemia Scale (HIS). Detection of PSCI was based on scores in these neuropsychological scales. Factors potentially impacting on occurrence of PSCI were explored by comparing demographic characteristics, stroke features, and cardiovascular risk factors between patients with and without PSCI. The overall prevalence of PSCI was 80.97% (95%CI: 77.82%-84.11%), while that of non-dementia PSCI (PSCI-ND) and post-stroke vascular dementia (PSD) was 48.91% (95%CI: 44.91%-52.92%) and 32.05% (95%CI: 28.32%-35.79%), respectively. Prior stroke and complications during the acute phase were independent risk factors for PSCI. The risk of recurrent stroke survivors having PSCI was 2.7 times higher than for first-episode survivors, and it was 3 times higher for those with complications during the acute phase than for those without. The higher prevalence of PSCI in this study compared with previous Chinese studies was possibly due to the combined effects of including rural stroke survivors, a longer period from stroke onset, and different assessment methods. There is an urgent need to recognize and prevent PSCI in stroke patients, especially those with recurrent stroke and complications during the acute phase.</p></div

Incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) subtypes (per 1,000) in Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease (GRCHD) compared with European Registry of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) and Hoffman’s review.

<p>Incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) subtypes (per 1,000) in Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease (GRCHD) compared with European Registry of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) and Hoffman’s review.</p

The cumulative 1-year incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) per 1,000 live births from 2004 to 2012, Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease (GRCHD), China.

<p>Upper Panel: Single lesion vs. multiple lesions. Lower Panel: The three most common subtypes including ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) versus 7 other subtypes including pulmonary stenosis/pulmonary valve stenosis (PS), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), double outlet of right ventricle (DORV), mitral insufficiency (MI), single ventricle (SV), and coarctation of aorta (CoA).</p