Two-stage robust planning method for distribution network energy storage based on load forecasting

A two-stage robust planning method for energy storage in distribution networks based on load prediction is proposed to address the uncertainty of active load in energy storage planning. First, considering the uncertainty of active load, a short-term load forecasting model combining the mutual information method and BiLSTM is established based on k-means++ clustering. Second, based on the results of load forecasting, a comprehensive norm-constrained uncertainty set is constructed, and a two-stage robust model for distribution network energy storage planning is established. The first stage aims to minimize the annual investment cost of the energy storage system, while the second stage aims to minimize the daily operating cost of the distribution network. At the same time, a second-order cone relaxation transformation model with non-convex constraints is introduced to ultimately achieve the optimal economy of the distribution network in energy storage planning. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method and model is validated on the IEEE 33-node distribution network model using the MATLAB platform

Spin Injection and Inverse Edelstein Effect in the Surface States of Topological Kondo Insulator SmB6

There has been considerable interest in exploiting the spin degrees of freedom of electrons for potential information storage and computing technologies. Topological insulators (TI), a class of quantum materials, have special gapless edge/surface states, where the spin polarization of the Dirac fermions is locked to the momentum direction. This spin-momentum locking property gives rise to very interesting spin-dependent physical phenomena such as the Edelstein and inverse Edelstein effects. However, the spin injection in pure surface states of TI is very challenging because of the coexistence of the highly conducting bulk states. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the spin injection and observe the inverse Edelstein effect in the surface states of a topological Kondo insulator, SmB6. At low temperatures when only surface carriers are present, a clear spin signal is observed. Furthermore, the magnetic field angle dependence of the spin signal is consistent with spin-momentum locking property of surface states of SmB6.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, Accepted to Nature Communications (In Press