Scanning electron microscope images of the abaxial surface of <i>Hyoscyamus pusillus</i> (A), the adaxial surface of <i>Vitex negundo</i> (B) and <i>Populus simonii</i> (C).

<p>Scanning electron microscope images of the abaxial surface of <i>Hyoscyamus pusillus</i> (A), the adaxial surface of <i>Vitex negundo</i> (B) and <i>Populus simonii</i> (C).</p

Relationships between leaf water drop adhesion and surface free energy (A), dispersive component (B), polar component (C) and work-of-adhesion for water (D).

<p>Relationships between leaf water drop adhesion and surface free energy (A), dispersive component (B), polar component (C) and work-of-adhesion for water (D).</p

Side views of 6 µl droplets of distilled water placed on some typical plant leaf surfaces.

<p>A: abaxial surface of <i>Agrimonia pilosa</i>, <i>θ</i> = 58.2±8.2°; B: adaxial surface of <i>Populus simonii</i>, <i>θ</i> = 80.0±11.9°; C: adaxial surface of <i>Carduus nutans</i>, <i>θ</i> = 94.7±9.2°; D: abaxial surface of <i>Sophora davidii</i>, <i>θ</i> = 139.0±4.4°; E: the adaxial surface of <i>Lonicera hispida</i>, <i>θ</i> = 67.0±20.9°; F: the abaxial surface of <i>Anemone vitifolia</i>, <i>θ</i> = 141.0±4.1°).</p

Additional file 1 of Causal associations between leisure sedentary behaviors and sleep status with frailty: insight from Mendelian randomization study

Supplementary Material

Scanning electron microscope images of the adaxial (A, C, E, G) and abaxial (B, D, F, H) surfaces of <i>Artemisia gmelinii</i>, <i>Artemisia desertorum</i>, <i>Cynanchum chinense</i>, and <i>Cynanchum komarovii</i>, respectively.

<p>Scanning electron microscope images of the adaxial (A, C, E, G) and abaxial (B, D, F, H) surfaces of <i>Artemisia gmelinii</i>, <i>Artemisia desertorum</i>, <i>Cynanchum chinense</i>, and <i>Cynanchum komarovii</i>, respectively.</p

Relationship between leaf water drop adhesion and leaf roughness.

<p>Relationship between leaf water drop adhesion and leaf roughness.</p

Sixty species used to measure leaf water drop adhesion, surface roughness, contact angle of water (<i>θ_w</i>) and diiodomethane (<i>θ_d</i>).

<p>The data represent means ± SD. AD and AB indicate adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively; “−” in the wax column indicates that epicuticular wax could not be observed because of dense trichomes; “−” in the trichomes column indicates absence, “+” indicates presence.</p><p>Sixty species used to measure leaf water drop adhesion, surface roughness, contact angle of water (<i>θ_w</i>) and diiodomethane (<i>θ_d</i>).</p

Depressive Symptoms, Studying Stress and the Risks of NSP and LBP in High School Students.

<p>NSP = neck/shoulder pain; LBP = lower back pain; OR = ORs after univariate logistic regression.</p

Electrochemical Mineralization of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids (PFCAs) by Ce-Doped Modified Porous Nanocrystalline PbO₂ Film Electrode

The Ce-doped modified porous nanocrystalline PbO₂ film electrode prepared by electrodeposition technology was used for electrochemical mineralization of environmentally persistent perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) (∼C₄–C₈), i.e., perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluopentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoheptanoic acid (PFHpA), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in aqueous solution (100 mL of 100 mg L^–1). The degradation of PFCAs follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the values of the relative rate constant (<i>k</i>) depend upon chain length <i>k</i>_PFHpA (4.1 × 10^–2 min^–1; corresponding half-life 16.8 min) ≈ 1.1<i>k</i>_PFOA ≈ 2.5<i>k</i>_PFHxA≈ 6.9<i>k</i>_PFPeA ≈ 9.7<i>k</i>_PFBA. The carbon mineralization indices [i.e., 1 – (TOC_insolution/TOC_{inPFCA,degraded})] were 0.49, 0.70, 0.84, 0.91, and 0.95 for PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, and PFOA, respectively, after 90 min electrolysis. The major mineralization product, F^–, as well as low amount of intermediate PFCAs with shortened chain lengths were detected in aqueous solution. By observing the intermediates and tracking the concentration change, a possible pathway of electrochemical mineralization is proposed as follows: Kolbe decarboxylation reaction occurs first at the anode to form the perfluoroalkyl radical, followed by reaction with hydroxyl radicals to form the perfluoroalkyl alcohol which then undergoes intramolecular rearrangement to form the perfluoroalkyl fluoride. After this, the perfluoroalkyl fluoride reforms perfluorinated carboxylic with shorter chain length than its origin by hydrolysis. This electrochemical technique could be employed to treat PFCAs (∼C₄–C₈) in contaminated wastewater

Ligand-Controlled Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Relay Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Bromides and Aryl Bromides

1,1-Diarylalkanes are important structural frameworks which are widespread in biologically active molecules. Herein, we report a reductive relay cross-coupling of alkyl bromides with aryl bromides by nickel catalysis with a simple nitrogen-containing ligand. This method selectively affords 1,1-diarylalkane derivatives with good to excellent yields and regioselectivity