Is diet related to osteoarthritis? A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study that investigates 45 dietary habits and osteoarthritis

BackgroundDiet is a safe intervention for many chronic diseases as a modifiable lifestyle. However, the potential causal effect of many dietary intake habits on the risk of osteoarthritis has not been fully understood. The purpose of this study was to reveal the potential causal relationship of 45 genetically predicted dietary intakes with osteoarthritis and its subtypes.MethodsData on 45 dietary intakes were obtained from the UK Biobank study of approximately 500,000 participants, and data on six osteoarthritis-related phenotypes were obtained from the Genetics of Osteoarthritis Consortium study of 826,690 participants. We performed univariable Mendelian randomization (MR), multivariable MR and linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analyses.ResultsIn univariate analyses, 59 potential associations between diet and osteoarthritis were found. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction and sensitivity analyses, 23 reliable causal evidence were identified. In multivariate analyses, controlling separately for the effects of body mass index, total body bone mineral density, and smoking status, eight robust causal relationships remained: Muesli intake was negatively associated with knee osteoarthritis, spine osteoarthritis and total knee replacement. Dried fruit intake had a negative association with osteoarthritis of knee and total knee replacement. Eating cheese may reduce the risk of osteoarthritis in the knee and spine. And alcohol usually taken with meals was associated with a reduced risk of total knee replacement. LDSC analyses showed significant genetic correlations between all exposures and their corresponding outcomes, respectively, in these eight causal relationships.ConclusionEvidence of dietary effects on osteoarthritis is provided in our study, which has important implications for the prevention, management, and intervention of osteoarthritis in common sites through rational dietary modification

The hidden disintegration of cluster heterogeneity in Fe-based glass-forming alloy melt

The evolution of liquid metal at high temperature is known much less than their solid states. This is partially due to that the message concerning clusters, metastable phase or heterogeneity in liquid is usually too slight to be traced. Here, we shed some light on the nature of structural evolution of Fe-based glass-forming alloy during overheating process by the investigation of high-temperature melt viscometry and first principles simulations. It was found that a structural transition around 1400 ℃ occurred in the melts of initial homogeneous ingot, heterogeneous ingot and amorphous ribbons jointly, and was confirmed by the results from differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). Combining these results with Fe-Si-B ternary phase diagram and the melting characteristics of Fe-B compounds, it is safe to conclude that the disintegration of Fe2B-type clusters to Fe3B-type clusters leads to the observed transition. These results offer a significant reference for the preparation and property control of Fe-based amorphous alloys. Keywords: Fe-based glass-forming alloys, Alloy melt, Cluster heterogeneity, Structural transition, Viscosit

Additional file 3 of Development and clinical validation of deep learning for auto-diagnosis of supraspinatus tears

Additional file 3: Table S1 Diagnostic performance of 2D and 3D CNN models and participated reading clinicians on surgery andinternal test sets

Additional file 1 of Development and clinical validation of deep learning for auto-diagnosis of supraspinatus tears

Additional file 1: Figure S1 Training curves of the 2D (A) and 3D (B) CNN models

Additional file 4 of Development and clinical validation of deep learning for auto-diagnosis of supraspinatus tears

Additional file 4: Figure S3 2-class confusion matrices of models on test set. (A) 2-class confusionmatrices of 2D model on internal test set. (B) 2-class confusion matrices of 3D model on internaltest set. (C) 2-class confusion matrices of 2D model on surgery test set. (D) 2-class confusionmatrices of 3D model on surgery test set. CNN, convolutional neural network; ROC, receiveroperating characteristic

Additional file 5 of Development and clinical validation of deep learning for auto-diagnosis of supraspinatus tears

Additional file 5: Table S2 Diagnostic performance of 2D CNN models and reading clinicians on 1.5T and 3.0T MRIexaminations

Additional file 2 of Development and clinical validation of deep learning for auto-diagnosis of supraspinatus tears

Additional file 2: Figure S2 Different ST subtypes. (a) Histological damage diagram. (b) Representative images onMRI and arthroscopy. ST, supraspinatus tear

Adhesion and Proliferation of Osteoblast-Like Cells on Porous Polyetherimide Scaffolds

The purpose of this work was to investigate the porous polyetherimide scaffold (P-PEIs) as an alternative biopolymer for bone tissue engineering. The P-PEIs was fabricated via solvent casting and particulate leaching technique. The morphology, phase composition, roughness, hydrophilicity, and biocompatibility of P-PEIs were evaluated and compared with polyetherimide (PEI) and Ti6Al4V disks. P-PEIs showed a biomimetic porous structure with a modulus of 78.95 ± 2.30 MPa. The water contact angle of P-PEIs was 75.4 ± 3.39°, which suggested that P-PEIs had a wettability surface. Moreover, P-PEIs provides a feasible environment for cell adhesion and proliferation. The relative cell adhesion capability and the cell morphology on P-PEIs were better than PEI and Ti6Al4V samples. Furthermore, the MC3T3-E1 cells on P-PEIs showed faster proliferation rate than other groups. It was revealed that the P-PEIs could be a potential material for the application of bone regeneration

Segmental femoral fracture malunion: evidence and prognostic analysis of medical intervention in the third century BC

Abstract We examined the remains of an individual who was unearthed from the Tuchengzi site and was believed to be from the Warring States period in China. The remains exhibited segmental femoral fracture. We aimed to deduce the cause of fracture, medical interventions, healing process, and motion behavior after fracture healing using several techniques, including macroscopic observation, computed tomography (CT), and finite element analysis. Based on the morphology of the long bones, it appeared that the individual was male. The fractures resulted in an adduction angle of 5.47° and an anterior flexion angle of 21.34° in the proximal femur, while the femoral neck anteversion angle had been replaced by a retroversion angle of 10.74°. Additionally, the distal femur formed an abnormal anterior convex angle of 144.60°. CT revealed mature callus formation and visible trabecular bundles. The finite element analysis indicated that the maximum von Mises stress in the femur was 17.44 MPa during standing and 96.46 MPa during walking. We suggest that medical practitioners in the Warring States period possessed a good knowledge of thigh anatomy, enabling them to perform fracture reduction and fixation. Reasonable medical intervention facilitated fracture healing and load recovery. Satisfactory fracture healing ensured that the individual could engage in normal standing and walking activities after rehabilitation