Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in a clinical presentation of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: a case report with multigene diagnostic approach

BACKGROUND: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHCS) is caused by inflammation of perihepatic capsules associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. In recent years, infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been increasingly occurring in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. However, NTM has never been reported in patients with FHCS. We present the first case of a patient with extrapulmonary NTM infection in a clinical presentation of FHCS. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old Korean woman presented with right upper quadrant and suprapubic pain. She was initially suspected to have FHCS. However, she was refractory to conventional antibiotic therapy. Laparoscopy revealed multiple violin-string adhesions of the parietal peritoneum to the liver and miliary-like nodules on the peritoneal surfaces. Diagnosis of NTM was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction analysis results of biopsy specimens that showed caseating granulomas with positive acid-fast bacilli. Treatment with anti-NTM medications was initiated, and the patient’s symptoms were considerably ameliorated. CONCLUSIONS: An awareness of NTM as potential pathogens, even in previously healthy adults, and efforts to exclude other confounding diseases are important to establish the diagnosis of NTM disease. NTM infection can cause various clinical manifestations, which in the present case, overlapped with the symptoms of perihepatic inflammation seen in FHCS

The Changes in Surface Properties of the Calcite Powder with Stearic Acid Treatment

The chemisorption isotherm of stearic acid on a calcite powder was established by calculating the amounts adsorbed using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The changes in surface properties of the calcite powder with the surface treatment were examined using contact angle measurements and inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at an infinite dilution. The adsorption of stearic acid was available only at their dilute concentration. The contact angle with water and formamide increased with increasing amount of stearic acid adsorbed on the calcite powder. The adsorption of stearic acid onto the calcite powder surface resulted in a significant decrease in the dispersive component of the surface free energy

Hierarchical Micro/Nano-Porous Acupuncture Needles Offering Enhanced Therapeutic Properties

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention has been widely used for treatment of many pathophysiological disorders. For achieving improved therapeutic effects, relatively thick acupuncture needles have been frequently used in clinical practice with, in turn, enhanced stimulation intensity. However due to the discomforting nature of the larger-diameter acupuncture needles there is considerable interest in developing advanced acupuncture therapeutical techniques that provide more comfort with improved efficacy. So motivated, we have developed a new class of acupuncture needles, porous acupuncture needles (PANs) with hierarchical micro/nano-scale conical pores upon the surface, fabricated via a simple and well known electrochemical process, with surface area approximately 20 times greater than conventional acupuncture needles. The performance of these high-surface-area PANs is evaluated by monitoring the electrophysiological and behavioral responses from the in vivo stimulation of Shenmen (HT7) points in Wistar rats, showing PANs to be more effective in controlling electrophysiological and behavioral responses than conventional acupuncture needles. Comparative analysis of cocaine induced locomotor activity using PANs and thick acupuncture needles shows enhanced performance of PANs with significantly less pain sensation. Our work offers a unique pathway for achieving a comfortable and improved acupuncture therapeutic effect. © The Author(s) 2016.1

Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Up-Front Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Extranodal Natural Killer/T Cell Lymphoma

AbstractLimited data exist on up-front autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Sixty-two patients (43 men and 19 women) with newly diagnosed ENKTL who underwent up-front ASCT after primary therapy were identified. Poor-risk characteristics included advanced stage (50%), high-intermediate to high-risk International Prognostic Index (25.8%), and group 3 to 4 of NK/T Cell Lymphoma Prognostic Index (NKPI, 67.7%). Pretransplant responses included complete remission in 61.3% and partial remission in 38.7% of patients, and final post-transplantation response included complete remission in 78.3%. Early progression occurred in 12.9%. At a median follow-up of 43.3 months (range, 3.7 to 114.6), 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 52.4% and 3-year overall survival (OS) was 60.0%. Patients with limited disease had significantly better 3-year PFS (64.5% versus 40.1%, P = .017) and OS (67.6% versus 52.3%, P = .048) than those with advanced disease. Multivariate analysis showed NKPI and pretransplant response were independent prognostic factors influencing survival, particularly NKPI in limited disease and pretransplant response in advanced disease. Radiotherapy was an independent factor for reduced progression and survival in patients with limited disease, but anthracycline-based chemotherapy was a poor prognostic factor for progression in patients with advanced disease. Up-front ASCT is an active treatment in ENKTL patients responding to primary therapy

Identification of a novel Shank2 transcriptional variant in Shank2 knockout mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are highly heterogeneous in clinical symptoms as well as etiologies. Mutations in SHANK2 are associated with ASD and accordingly, Shank2 knockout mouse shows ASD-like behavioral phenotypes, including social deficits. Intriguingly, two lines of Shank2 knockout (KO) mouse generated by deleting different exons (exon 6–7 or exon 7) showed distinct cellular phenotypes. Previously, we compared gene expressions between Shank2 KOs lacking exon 6–7 (e6–7 KO) and KOs lacking exon 7 (e7 KO) by performing RNA-seq. In this study, we expanded transcriptomic analyses to identify novel transcriptional variants in the KO mice. We found prominent expression of a novel exon (exon 4′ or e4) between the existing exons 4 and 5 in the Shank2 e6–7 KO model. Expression of the transcriptional variant harboring this novel exon was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blotting. These findings suggest that the novel variant may function as a modifier gene, which contributes to the differences between the two Shank2 mutant lines. Furthermore, our result further represents an example of genetic compensation that may lead to phenotypic heterogeneity among ASD patients with mutations in the same gene.This work was supported by the National Honor Scientist Program (NRF2012R1A3A1050385) through a grant to B.-K.K.; NRF-2017M3C7A1026959 to Y.-S.L.; NRF-2018H1A2A1061381 to G.P.; NRF-2017M3C9A6047623 to J.-H.L

Prognostic Factors and Clinical Outcomes of High-Dose Chemotherapy followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma, Unspecified: Complete Remission at Transplantation and the Prognostic Index of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma Are the Major Factors Predictive of Outcome

AbstractHigh-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT) offers a rescue option for T cell lymphoma patients with poor prognosis. However, the effectiveness of HDT/ASCT in patients with various peripheral T cell subtypes, optimal transplant timing, and the prognostic factors that predict better outcomes, have not been identified. We retrospectively investigated the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for HDT/ASCT in 64 Korean patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL-U) between March 1995 and February 2007. The median age at transplantation was 44 years (range: 15-63 years). According to the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (a-IPI) and the prognostic index of PTCL (PIT), 8 patients (12.5%) were in the high-risk group and 16 (26.6%) had the 2-3 PIT factors, respectively. After a median follow-up of 29.7 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 53.0% ± 7.5% and 44.3% ± 7.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that poor performance status, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, high a-IPI score, high PIT classes, failure to achieve complete response (CR) at transplantation, and nonfrontline transplantation were associated with poor OS. Multivariate analysis showed that failure to achieve CR at transplantation (hazard ratio [HR] 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78-7.93) and 2-3 PIT factors (HR 3.76; 95% CI 1.02-5.42) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Failure to achieve CR at transplantation and high PIT are negative predictable factors for survival following HDT/ASCT in patients with PTCL-U