259 research outputs found
Going Beyond Linear Mode Connectivity: The Layerwise Linear Feature Connectivity
Recent work has revealed many intriguing empirical phenomena in neural
network training, despite the poorly understood and highly complex loss
landscapes and training dynamics. One of these phenomena, Linear Mode
Connectivity (LMC), has gained considerable attention due to the intriguing
observation that different solutions can be connected by a linear path in the
parameter space while maintaining near-constant training and test losses. In
this work, we introduce a stronger notion of linear connectivity, Layerwise
Linear Feature Connectivity (LLFC), which says that the feature maps of every
layer in different trained networks are also linearly connected. We provide
comprehensive empirical evidence for LLFC across a wide range of settings,
demonstrating that whenever two trained networks satisfy LMC (via either
spawning or permutation methods), they also satisfy LLFC in nearly all the
layers. Furthermore, we delve deeper into the underlying factors contributing
to LLFC, which reveal new insights into the spawning and permutation
approaches. The study of LLFC transcends and advances our understanding of LMC
by adopting a feature-learning perspective.Comment: 25 pages, 23 figure
Data-Centric Diet: Effective Multi-center Dataset Pruning for Medical Image Segmentation
This paper seeks to address the dense labeling problems where a significant
fraction of the dataset can be pruned without sacrificing much accuracy. We
observe that, on standard medical image segmentation benchmarks, the loss
gradient norm-based metrics of individual training examples applied in image
classification fail to identify the important samples. To address this issue,
we propose a data pruning method by taking into consideration the training
dynamics on target regions using Dynamic Average Dice (DAD) score. To the best
of our knowledge, we are among the first to address the data importance in
dense labeling tasks in the field of medical image analysis, making the
following contributions: (1) investigating the underlying causes with rigorous
empirical analysis, and (2) determining effective data pruning approach in
dense labeling problems. Our solution can be used as a strong yet simple
baseline to select important examples for medical image segmentation with
combined data sources.Comment: Accepted by ICML workshops 202
Learning to In-paint: Domain Adaptive Shape Completion for 3D Organ Segmentation
We aim at incorporating explicit shape information into current 3D organ
segmentation models. Different from previous works, we formulate shape learning
as an in-painting task, which is named Masked Label Mask Modeling (MLM).
Through MLM, learnable mask tokens are fed into transformer blocks to complete
the label mask of organ. To transfer MLM shape knowledge to target, we further
propose a novel shape-aware self-distillation with both in-painting
reconstruction loss and pseudo loss. Extensive experiments on five public organ
segmentation datasets show consistent improvements over prior arts with at
least 1.2 points gain in the Dice score, demonstrating the effectiveness of our
method in challenging unsupervised domain adaptation scenarios including: (1)
In-domain organ segmentation; (2) Unseen domain segmentation and (3) Unseen
organ segmentation. We hope this work will advance shape analysis and geometric
learning in medical imaging
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Aspirations and environmental performance feedback: a behavioral perspective for green supply chain management
Purpose â This study investigates the relationships between environmental performance feedback and green supply chain management (GSCM). It explores how environmental performance above or below aspirations affects the implementation of GSCM practices (specifically sustainable production [SP] and sustainable sourcing [SS]) through the lens of the behavioral theory of the firm (BTOF), which has received scant attention in the operations management literature.
Design/methodology/approach â The study used data from the sixth round of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS). It employed hierarchical linear regression to test the proposed hypotheses. Moreover, the study tested an alternate model to rule out the possible role of financial performance aspirations in explaining the implementation of SP and SS.
Findings â The results indicate that organizations determine their efforts put into the two GSCM practices according to environmental performance feedback: the greater the aspirationâenvironmental performance discrepancy, the stronger the efforts put into implementing GSCM practices.
Originality/value â This study contributes to the GSCM literature by revealing the impact of environmental performance aspirations on the implementation of GSCM practices through the lens of the BTOF. It also extends the BTOF by applying it in the GSCM context and indicating that performance feedback is based on environmental performance instead of financial performance in this specific context
The predictive value of arterial stiffness on major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with mildly impaired renal function
Sieve-Like CNT Film Coupled with TiO 2 Nanowire for High-Performance Continuous-Flow Photodegradation of Rhodamine B under Visible Light Irradiation
From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-05-14, pub-electronic 2021-05-19Publication status: PublishedFunder: National Key Research and Development Program of China; Grant(s): 2016YFA0203301Funder: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant(s): 51862035, 52062048Funder: the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province; Grant(s): 20192BCD40017, 20192ACB80002, S2018LQCQ0016, 2017-SJSYS-008Continuous-flow photoreactors hold great promise for the highly efficient photodegradation of pollutants due to their continuity and sustainability. However, how to enable a continuous-flow photoreactor with the combined features of high photodegradation efficiency and durability as well as broad-wavelength light absorption and large-scale processing remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and effective strategy to construct a sieve-like carbon nanotube (CNT)/TiO2 nanowire film (SCTF) with superior flexibility (180° bending), high tensile strength (75â82 MPa), good surface wettability, essential light penetration and convenient visible light absorption. Significantly, the unique architecture, featuring abundant, well-ordered and uniform mesopores with ca. 70 ”m in diameter, as well as a homogenous distribution of TiO2 nanowires with an average diameter of ca. 500 nm, could act as a âwaterwayâ for efficient solution infiltration through the SCTF, thereby, enabling the photocatalytic degradation of polluted water in a continuous-flow mode. The optimized SCTF-2.5 displayed favorable photocatalytic behavior with 96% degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) within 80 min and a rate constant of 0.0394 minâ1. The continuous-flow photodegradation device made using SCTF-2.5 featured exceptional photocatalytic behavior for the continuous degradation of RhB under simulated solar irradiation with a high degradation ratio (99.6%) and long-term stability (99.2% retention after working continuously for 72 h). This work sheds light on new strategies for designing and fabricating high-performance continuous-flow photoreactors toward future uses
Total Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Changes in Mouse Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) play a major role in mucosal defense mechanisms against intraluminal foreign antigens. To address the role luminal nutrients have on the phenotype and function of the IEL, we administered total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to mice, with the absence of enteral intake. We hypothesized that administration of TPN would result in changes in the phenotype and function of the IEL. For this, we utilized a mouse model of TPN. A significant decline in the CD4 + IEL population occurred with TPN. Additionally, the CD8 + ,CD44 + IEL subset showed a 65% decline (P < 0.05) , and the CD4 + ,CD44 + subset declined by 55% with TPN (P < 0.05) . The CD8αÎČ + population (a marker of thymic-dependence) also declined by 92% (P < 0.01) with TPN. IEL in the TPN group showed a significantly lower degree of in vitro proliferation. In conclusion, the IEL showed significant phenotypic changes with TPN including the loss of the thymic-derived population. Functionally, the IEL showed a significant decline in proliferation. Such changes demonstrate the important role luminal nutrients have on IEL phenotype and function.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44430/1/10620_2004_Article_373218.pd
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